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Essay / The Study of Moral Judgments - 1448
Moral judgments constitute a substantial part of everyday interactions and, as such, it is crucial to understand the mechanism by which they are formed. Although moral judgments have long attracted interest in social psychology, it is only recently that the mechanism of these judgments has been studied. Current research has shown that the specific context of a moral judgment has a substantial impact on the outcome of that judgment (Van Bavel, Packer, Johnsen Haas, & Cunningham, 2012). Further research on moral judgments suggests that attention may play a key role in forming these judgments (Kastner, 2010). However, previous research has not attempted to change attention by manipulating contextual information. We proposed that early attention is driven by existing biases and schemas, what we call an interpretive stance, and that these early shifts in attention would in turn result in explicit moral judgments about targets. We hypothesized that individuals evaluating the culpability of different criminal targets would attend longer and more frequently to mitigating cues for White targets and longer and more frequently to aggravating cues for Black targets. We further hypothesized that individuals would evaluate White targets as less guilty than Black targets, and that these guilt evaluations would become increasingly polarized with more polarized initial attention shifts. We also hypothesized that liberal participants would be more interested in mitigating cues, whereas conservative participants would be more interested in aggravating cues. We found that throughout the eye-tracking period, although there was a main effect favoring attenuating cues over aggravating cues across all countries. trials, there were no significant differences in the time spent reviewing mitigation measures...... middle of article......Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45(5) , 1073. Kastner, RM (2010). Moral judgments and visual attention: an eye-tracking investigation. Chrestomathy: Annual Review of Undergraduate Research, 9, 114-128.Lowery, B.S., Hardin, C.D., & Sinclair, S. (2001). Effects of social influence on automatic racial bias. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81(5), 842. Van Bavel, JJ, Packer, DJ, Johnsen Haas, I., & Cunningham, WA (2012). The importance of moral conception: Moral versus non-moral conception elicits faster, more extreme, universal evaluations of the same actions. PLoS ONE, 7, 1-14. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0048693Van Bavel, JJ, Xiao, YJ, & Cunningham, WA (2012). Evaluation is a dynamic process: it goes beyond dual-system models. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 6, 438-454. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-9004.2012.00438.x