But at the end of the novel, the reader has no clear idea of ​​the possibility of "good meanings". This is summed up by John's discovery of the Bokononist paradox, "the heartbreaking necessity of lying about reality and the heartbreaking impossibility of lying about it"28; that there is no “true” or “right” answer to humanity’s lack of meaning in the unpredictable nuclear age. Except perhaps as Voltaire and Kant suggested in hope, sleep and