Before, during, and after the Civil War, American settlers irreversibly changed the Indian way of life. These settlers brought different ideologies and beliefs to the Indians, such as property rights, parliamentary-style government, and Christianity. Clashes between settlers and Indians were common over land rights and use, religious and cultural differences, and the breakdown of treaties. Some Indian tribes appreciated the new ideas and began to incorporate them into their culture by establishing written laws, legal courts, and practicing Christianity, while other tribes rejected them ("Cure"). Once the United States purchased Louisiana from the French in 1803, the Americans began encroaching on Indian lands to the south and west, leading to more battles between the two groups, until Congress passed the Indian Removal Act of 1830, which forcibly removed Indians. of their lands in the southeast and the western territories. These policies continued until the Civil War. Due to the Civil War, westward expansion slowed, giving the Indians more autonomy and less interaction with American settlers. The high cost of the war, high casualties, and fear of a divided nation forced President Lincoln and Congress to ignore the Indian problem for a time. The signing of the Homestead Act of 1862 and the Pacific Railroad Act of 1862 by President Lincoln had serious consequences for the Indians and their new Western (Black) territories. These two acts brought the Americans further into the Western Indian Territories, promoted the destruction of the natural resources that supported the Indians, and sparked the eventual creation of Indian reservations as they are today (Black). The initial and sustained policies of the United States......middle of article......rieger, Louis E. Wilson, and Nancy Woloch. “The Clash of Cultures on the Prairie.” The Americans: Reconstruction in the 21st century. Evanston, IL: McDougal Littell, 2005. 206-07. Print.Danzer, Gerald A., Klor De Alva, J. Jorge, Larry S. Krieger, Louis E. Wilson, and Nancy Woloch. “Latinos and Native Americans seek equality.” The Americans: Reconstruction in the 21st century. Evanston, IL: McDougal Littell, 2005. 772-73. Print. “Five civilized tribes.” Infoplease Pearson Education, 2012 Web.Francis, Lee. Native Time: A Historical Timeline of Native America. 1st ed. : New York: St. Martin's Press January 1996. Print. “Legendary Native American Figures: Unetlanvhi”. Unetlanvhi (Ouga), the creator God of the Cherokee. Web. “Native American Natural Spirits of Myth and Legend.” Native American nature spirits. Web. “Native American Religion”. The story of. Internet.