Table of ContentsBackgroundPurpose of the documentConceptual definition of MSPRole of stakeholders in MSPBackgroundThe 2017 Global Food Crises Report announced that 108 million people were in a crisis situation food shortage in 2016 (FAO, 2017). The number of people experiencing food insecurity and shortages increased by 35% compared to 2015 (FAO, 2017). According to the report, climate change and natural disasters are inevitable causes of food shortages. The scarcity of food supply determines the rise in food prices. The International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) has outlined a projection of food prices between 2005 and 2050, particularly corn, rice and wheat which will increase by 104, 79 and 88 percent (Rosegrant, MW, et.al, 2014). The trend of increasing and scarcity of food products is also occurring in Indonesia, especially for rice, eggs and chicken, which determined inflation in 2015 (Ministry of Commerce, 2015). The report identifies climate change as the determinant of food production in Indonesia. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on “Why violent video games should not be banned”? Get the original essay The problem of global food shortage has led the 2017 Global Innovation Index (GII) to focus on innovation as a way to cope with limited natural resources. and growing demand for food. The report measures seven indicators of innovation in strengthening food policy. The GII ranked Indonesia 30th and noted human capital and research as the weakest performer in innovation atmosphere in Indonesia (Dutta, et.al, 2017). Human capital and research also emerged as the weakest performers in Indonesia, as reported by GII 2014. One study proposed that research is crucial to creating new knowledge to solve the food shortage problem (Rosegrant, MW, et.al, 2014). Creating new knowledge to produce innovation can be cultivated not only by universities and public research institutes (PRIs), but also by farmers, citizens and industries. The crucial factor of innovation systems theory proposes that “innovations are often complex systems in which research networks, entrepreneurs, and other actors interact to produce and use new knowledge” (Sanginga, et.al , 2007). The gap facing the Indonesian government lies in the lack of policy to stimulate innovation from these different stakeholders. The third National Medium-Term Development Plan Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah (RPJMN2015-2019), Indonesia, made sustainable innovation one of the missions of the RPJMN. The mission is followed by strengthening innovation in many sectors, including medicines and food, innovation in small and medium-sized businesses and the local economy, creation of science parks, partnership between universities and the private sector (Presidential Decree No. 2/2015). However, the plan identifies the challenge is that so far there is a mismatch between what public universities produce and what the private sector and society need. So far, partnerships between universities, PRIs, industries and farmers are carried out without the role and policy of government, therefore, some partnerships are not sustainable (Gunawan, et, al, 2016). Performance indicators such asthe partnership program and the benefits of the partnership program for farmers and citizens have also not been defined as a direction of agricultural policy in Indonesia. Therefore, the multi-stakeholder approach (MSP) presents itself as a concept and aims to determine collective decisions and actions that have an innovative impact at local, national or global levels (Brouwer, et.al, 2015). Objective of the paper This article describes the MSP mechanism between government, academia, private sector and citizens to increase the impact of agricultural innovation and bridge the gap faced by RPJMN 2015-2019. Conceptual Definition of MSP The form of MSP in agricultural innovation comes in many platforms such as triple helix (government, academia and private sector) and quadruple helix (universities and research institutes, industrial companies and private sector, citizens and government) (Gouvea, et.al, 2013). In a broader context, MSP is a process of involving interest groups such as government, farmers, universities, public research institutes, consumers and the private sector to generate ideas for innovation, meet demand for agricultural production and promote sustainable agricultural development. Initiation of MSPA innovation could come from various actors, with all actors having a role to play in the creation of new knowledge. Other roles will be described as follows: ? The government plays an important role in regulating knowledge creation priorities, providing incentives and investments for public research institutes, building capacity of farmers, organizing a sharing forum to consolidate all interests (Adekunle , et, al, 2012; Gouvea, et.al, 2013), and facilitate decision-making between stakeholders. ? Industries also play an important role in the supply and supply of goods (Gouvea, et.al, 2013). ? Consumers play a role in setting product standards and quantities. Their preferences will affect the design, quality and supply on the market (Gouvea, et.al, 2013). Consumer preferences can also be identified as a new market. In this context, consumers can be represented by national and international agricultural organizations responsible for product certification, the Office of the Ombudsman and the Office of Consumer Protection. ? Universities and PRIs also have the role of strengthening the capacities of farmers and citizens and creating new knowledge to meet consumer demand and industry needs (Gouvea, et.al, 2013). ? Farmers have an urgent role to play in practicing sustainable agriculture and providing good quality products to industries. Therefore, it is also important to develop human capital and market for farmers using multi-stakeholder partnership. Scope and Policy Choices in the Application of MSP MSP policy can be initiated at the local government level, particularly led by the Ministry of Agriculture and the Ministry of Commerce. and Industry, Bureau of Planning and Development and Ministry of Finance, by applying these policy choices: ? Creation of the MSP forum. To consolidate the needs of all stakeholders, the government can launch a physical and virtual forum to generate the needs of each stakeholder and the problems faced. The forum is part of policy making that responds to market demand, stakeholder interests and increases the productivity of farmers, industries and academia (Adekunle, et, al, 2012). ?, 2015).