Many studies have been carried out on stereotype threat and self-esteem and their negative effects on task performance . These studies focused primarily on minorities such as women, blacks, Latinos, and Asians and found that stereotype threat and self-esteem negatively influence task performance. Steele (1997) studied how self-esteem and stereotype threat affect task performance and found that most task failures are related to the individual's social environment. For example, a study was conducted in which black students completed a difficult task with either a black or white experimenter. The task has been described as an intelligent test (Steele & Aronson, 1995). When the experimenter was white, the student performed worse than white students, but only when the task was described as an intelligence test. However, when the experimenter was black, the black students' performance on the task improved. This study was the first to show that introducing racial stereotypes into task performance will reduce positive outcomes for the individual (Katz, Robert, & Robinson, 1965). There are also studies that have been done on self-esteem and its effects. in overall performance (Brockner, 1986). Researchers have demonstrated that task performance in individuals with low self-esteem suffers in the presence of self-focused stimuli. An example of this finding is a study in which 90 undergraduates with chronically high or low self-esteem received false feedback of success or failure following self-focus stimuli (Steele, Spencer, & Lynch, 1993). While participants with high self-esteem performed equally well after success or failure, participants with low self-esteem in the success condition performed significantly better than those with low self-esteem. self. bad and unworthy. People with low self-esteem attempt to manage their flaws in order to be accepted (Brown & Dutton, 1995). Expectations Participants with high self-esteem and not exposed to stereotype threat will perform best in completing their tasks. Several studies in the past have shown that people have a general tendency to improve, and this tendency is particularly strong among those with higher self-esteem (Tesser, 1988). For example, people with higher self-esteem (as opposed to those with lower self-esteem) are more likely to present themselves in an overly positive manner (Baumeister, 2003) and to perceive positive evaluators as more accurate than negative evaluators (Bosson and Swann, 1999). Participants with low self-esteem and exposure to stereotype threat will have the lowest performance in terms of task performance..