IntroductionThe essay question I chose for this assignment is: “Is stalking a violent crime?” » I will define harassment, harassment and violence and indicate several types of harassment. I will explain the motivation behind stalking and describe the environment that would indicate that stalking is a violent crime. I will critically analyze the predator and victim and indicate which environment or personality could warrant violence. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on “Why Violent Video Games Should Not Be Banned”? Get an Original Essay To define stalking, there are many variations that need to be considered. What is the difference between harassment and stalking? In Australian law, for stalking to be a crime, the predator must intend to cause physical harm or intend to frighten the victim. (Howitt, 2009) Stalking is a form of predatory behavior characterized by repeated patterns of harassment towards an individual that may frighten the victim or worse, whereas stalking means repeatedly annoying or frightening the person but will eventually give up. (Howitt, 2009)In 1986, the interpretation of the term "violence" suggested interpersonal acts of force usually involving the infliction of physical injury, suggesting that violence cannot be recognized independently without the concept of force. Violence is defined as “the exercise of physical force in such a way as to inflict harm or to be caused outside of its affinity with the concept of force.” (Bufacchi, 2005) Violence is a learned behavior. This enhances their power and personal effectiveness. They have an antisocial logic and believe that violence is necessary, justified and acceptable. Offenders generally believe they are the victims. (Howitt, 2009) Typically, harassment does not begin as a violent crime, but the behavior escalates. Harassing behavior usually begins with a letter or phone call. (Cox & Speziale, 2009) Stalking and harassment behaviors can be some of the following: annoying phone calls, following the victim, threatening verbal abuse, gifts, face-to-face contact, property damage, physical assault, visiting victims at home or at work and sending several letters. (Howitt, 2009) Other behaviors include emails, spreading rumors, text messaging, using a GPS or IP address to learn the victim's location. (Walter, 2009)In 1990, the first laws criminalizing stalking were passed in California. The victims were mainly aged 10 to 29. There was also a strong correlation between rejected stalkers, such as ex-partners, and they were more likely to provoke physical attacks than other stalking typologies. Three quarters of femicide victims were stalked before being murdered. (Johnson and Kercher, 2009) Bullying can typically occur for approximately 1.8 years. (Howitt, 2009) Stalking should be evaluated based on the victim's situation and the predators' intent, such as describing a patient's pain in a hospital. Pain is defined as what the person feels and says. Pain is subjective. Victims who blame themselves for being stalked typically report higher symptoms of anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Depending on the severity of the harassment, management strategiesCoping tools can be used for these problems (Kraajj, Arensman, Garrefski, Kremes, 2007). When do certain behaviors morph into stalking? Some of the behaviors mentioned were entirely reasonable in context, such as sending a gift. This is when these gifts are inappropriate, unwanted, or too many gifts have been sent, causing distress to the victim (Thompson and Dennison, 2008). There is a guideline in use called the Stalking Assessment and Management (SAM) Guidelines. Sam is a guideline for assessing the level of victim concern, stalking in contravention of supervision orders and targeting of victims with minimal external resources. Psychopathic traits could be valuable when assessing and managing harassment risk. (Storey, Hart, Meloy, & Reavis, 2009) There is evidence that fear and other emotions experienced by the victim may be a function of gender. Therefore, when defining harassment, gender must be taken into account. (Thompson & Dennison, 2008)When assessing risk management for the victim, stalking should encompass these three areas: will the stalking continue or, if it has stopped, will it recur? -he ? Will the victim suffer significant social and/or psychological harm, which may include suicidal behavior or ideation? Could the harassment escalate into sexual assault and/or physical violence. (Dennison & Thomson, 2005) According to Knowll and Resnick in 2007, there are five types of bullies. Incompetent stalkers know that the person is not interested in them, but they believe that with their behaviors, their feelings will change. The bully in this category is usually intellectually limited and has underdeveloped social skills. They feel entitled to have a partner. (Knoll & Resnick, 2007) Rejected stalkers are the most dangerous and common type of stalker. Ex-intimate partners fall into this group. They may have a criminal record for assault. (Knowll & Resnick, 2007) This type of harassment usually involves the breakdown of a relationship (Mackenzie, Mullin, Ogloff, Evans, & James, 2009). Stalking has a unique impact on a victim in terms of their perceived safety and mental health. Protection orders are not sufficiently tailored to women victims of criminal harassment. (Shannon, Cole & Walker, 2006) Heather Melton discovered in 2007 that there was a strong correlation between domestic violence and stalking. When does one begin and the other end? (Melton, 2007) This type of stalker will be established in depth later in the essay, as violence tends to be described as a major behavior in this typology. The majority of stalkers seeking intimacy generally have erotomaniac delusions and are significantly infatuated with the victim. Usually the victim does not know them. Celebrity harassment is an example of this category. (Knowll & Resnick, 2007) Erotomania is a delusional disorder when the predator does not know the victim personally or has had little contact with them previously. They tend to be obsessive, excessive, undesirable, or delusional in love (Howitt, 2009). The goal of resentful bullies is to distress and frighten the victim. Many resentful stalkers suffer from pre-existing mental health conditions. (Knoll & Resnick, 2007) Predatory harassers are those who will take their time in the process itself to carefully prepare the environment, ensuring greater success in the event of sexual assault. They discover the.