Table of ContentsHuman Genome ProjectWhat is cloning?Beginning of the history of cloningConclusion The dictionary defines the genome as the set of genes that specify all the traits that can be expressed in an organism. A genome is all of the genetic material of a living being. It is the complete set of hereditary instructions for building and maintaining an organism and passing life to the next generation. In most living things, the genome is made up of a chemical called DNA. The genome contains genes, grouped in chromosomes and affecting specific characteristics of the organism. In short, the genome is divided into chromosomes which contain genes, and genes are made of DNA. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on "Why violent video games should not be banned"?Get the original essayHuman Genome ProjectThis project was started in 1990. The Human Genome Project attempts to determine which chromosome, and within those -here, where each gene is located. Each of these genes is composed of a long chain of nucleotides which constitute the lateral and vertical structure of a double helix called Watson and Crick on the other hand by horizontal rungs made up of four bases, always linked together in the same way . Each ordered triplet of nitrogenous bases codes for the formation of each of the 20 amino acids that make up proteins. This same process occurs in all living things, from unicellulars to humans. Sequencing the human genome opens up possibilities, but also confronts us with ethical questions: prenatal diagnosis will be more precise and will affect a very wide range of diseases. This will sharpen the ethical debate on abortion and the right to life of the unborn child. It will be possible to modify the genetic basis of somatic (general) cells responsible for certain diseases. It will be possible to modify the egg, the zygote or the embryo with a few cells, like the principle of cloning. What is cloning? Cloning is the action of reproducing a being perfectly in the physiological and biochemical aspects of an original cell. Through cloning, the individual obtains the same genes as the father or mother, sexual reproduction is replaced by artificial reproduction, but the genes are provided by only one person, the individual will have the same genes, although he It is possible that their features can oscillate. Knowing this, it is not possible to obtain an exact copy, as far as the physical is concerned, each person has groups of cells which are activated at a given moment and which cause changes in their image, their personality, fortunately, are not identical either, because it depends to some extent on the education and motivations they receive as well as the environment in which they grow up. On top of that, just as if someone suffers from a hereditary disease, through sexual reproduction they only have a percentage chance that their descendants will inherit it, through cloning they have a 100% chance that they suffer from this, since by genetic manipulation the defects cannot be corrected, but thinking a little we can come to the conclusion that when genes are processed by humans, mutation can occur more easily. Cloning history begins In February 1997, a group of geneticists led by Ian Wilmut of the Roslin Institute in Scotland announced that they had cloned a sheep named Dolly, who looked exactly like her mother. This sheep, born on July 5, 1996, became the first cloned mammal and since then the word has been assimilated in our minds, but scientists have been studying cloning for more than twenty years. The first to succeed were the.