Application AreasAn understanding of the application areas of the types of risk analyzes of failure mode analyses, their effects and their criticality ( FMEA) and the study of hazards and operability (HAZOP) requires an understanding of these analyses. design.An FMEA is designed to be a bottom-up approach at the functional or part-by-part level, with the criticality part of an FMEA, which is carried out in parallel with the FMEA part, being either quantitative or qualitative. A functional FMEA would examine failures at the functional block level while the parts FMECA would examine the failure(s) of individual components and the effect of those failures. When looking at the criticality analysis part of an FMEA, we understand that the choice between a qualitative and quantitative approach depends on whether part failure data is available. A quantitative approach requires a comprehensive FMEA as well as system mission information, failure definitions, part failure rates, and different severity categories, while a qualitative approach is pursued when specific failure rates arise. appear unavailable. The FMEA analysis type helps identify individual potential failures using severity classifications to highlight potential hazards related to the identified failures. This type of analysis does not take into account combined failures or human interactions. As the CAIB report demonstrates: “Since the FMEA/CIL process is designed for bottom-up, component-level analysis, it cannot effectively support the type of “top-down” hazard analysis that is necessary…to identify potentially dangerous interactions between components. systems. » (Leveson et al. c. 2004, p. 6) A...... middle of paper ......ea where a systematic approach can be adopted and a multidisciplinary team is assembled to carry out the HAZOP. This HAZOP team must have sufficient operational experience to cover the operational and safety aspects of the system. One of the disadvantages of HAZOP is that it focuses on a single event while negating the impact of combined events that can cause potential disasters. This can be easily corrected by integrating the use of several hazard analysis techniques given that the application domain is one in which such an idea is adopted. It is also worth noting that a HAZOP can be applied in an area where it can be seen that the hazards lie in the behavior and performance of personnel. This type of analysis has an inherent brainstorming methodology that allows for out-of-the-box thinking to consider all possibilities.