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  • Essay / Biology: main types of Wnt signaling pathways - 1312

    Introduction Wnt signaling pathways are very important protein substances in the body. They are responsible for transmitting signals through receptors on the cell membrane, from outside the cell to inside it. This communication can take place either between neighboring cells or within the same cell. Pathways play a regulatory role as they regulate gene transcription, the cytoskeleton, and calcium in the cell. Wnt signaling pathways are unique in that they are similar across multiple species. These pathways are also associated with embryonic development and carcinogenesis. They regulate processes such as cell migration, proliferation and cell fate specification. When WNT signaling is aberrantly activated, it results in poor prognosis of various cancers such as ovarian and breast cancer. These pathways can also lead to the formation of cancers due to dysregulation. This article analyzes the role of Wnt signaling in the development of breast and ovarian cancer to understand how Wnt regulation may contribute to cancer treatment. General information There are three main types of Wnt pathways. These include canonical and non-canonical pathways based on their dependence on beta-catenin. Canonical pathways depend on beta-catenin, while non-canonical pathways do not. Research shows that Wnt antagonists are often disabled in cancer patients. Secreted receptor proteins (SFRP 1-5) are good examples of Wnt antagonists. Deactivation of SFRP 4 is particularly associated with the development of ovarian and breast cancer, as it is often deposited in the bloodstream, giving way to the action of Wnt proteins. Patients lacking SFRP4 express more rapid cancer progression due to a lack of proper regulation. Stem cells and stem-like cells...... middle of article...... include SFRP 1-5. Introduction of these regulators into the cell results in lower cancer progression due to the ability to moderate wnt and reduce beta-catenin production. Recommendation: The studies reviewed here indicate that Wnt regulation is impaired in cancer cells. This implies that resistance to current anticancer therapies is associated with this abnormality. Lack of Wnt regulation also leads to an increase in beta-catenin, which leads to increased migration of cancer cells. However, the studies do not offer insight into cancer treatment options. It is necessary to use these results to create recombinant Wnt antagonists such as SFRP4 to reduce cancer progression, reduce cancer cell migration, and improve cancer cell adhesion. Further study of Wnt ligands is also needed to improve the specificity between Wnt ligands and antagonists..