THERMOELECTRIC COOLING In thermoelectric cooling, the Peltier effect is used to cause heat flow between the junctions of different types of materials. A Peltier heater/cooler transfers heat from one side of the device to the other using electrical energy. This device is also known as a Peltier device, Peltier heat pump, solid-state refrigerator, or thermoelectric cooler (TEC). Since there are more economical and simpler ways to achieve cooling, Peltier devices are primarily used for cooling purposes. However, since a single device can be used for both heating and cooling, the Peltier device is more desirable. By connecting a thermoelectric refrigerator to a DC voltage, one side of the Peltier device cools while the other remains hot. The cooling efficiency depends on the amount of current and how heat is removed from the hot side by the pump. Peltier coolers and thermoelectric generators are exactly opposite each other. The Peltier cooler uses energy to generate a temperature difference, while the thermoelectric generator uses the temperature difference to generate energy. The two devices mentioned above have operations closely related to each other (both are thermoelectric effect applications), and therefore their constructions, raw materials used and designs are somewhat similar. Figure 6: Schematic of the Peltier element: the thermoelectric legs are thermally in parallel and electrically in series. Figure 7: Peltier element (16x16 mm) Compared to an ideal refrigerator (Carnot cycle), the thermoelectric junctions are efficient by 5 to 10%, while conventional compression cycle systems (compression/expansion used by reverse Rankine systems) are 40 to 60% efficient. Therefore, thermoelectric cooling, because it is a paper medium, is governed by the figure of merit, ZT. Even though there is no upper limit for ZT, no thermoelectric material has a value greater than 1. 2010 devices focus more on reliability and portability than efficiency. Internal combustion engines capture 20-25% of the energy released during fuel combustion. Increasing the conversion rate increases mileage and more electricity can be used for on-board controls and comfort and safety functions such as navigation systems, stability control, telematics, electronic brakes, etc. . Moving the energy removed from the engine to the electrical load in the car is also possible, for example. Operation of the electric coolant pump. The heat produced during electricity production can be used for alternative purposes by cogeneration plants. Such systems, as well as solar thermal power generation, may be applications of thermoelectrics..