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Essay / Julius Caesar: Seizing Power and Transforming Rome
Before Julius Caesar completely took control of the Roman Republic, various consuls in Rome took advantage of their power and used it to single-handedly control the Republic. Two prominent examples include Marius and Sulla, who rose through the ranks of Roman politics to the rank of consul and disheveled Rome. Although these two men provide a taste of what Julius Caesar would do, they do not come close to matching Caesar's influence on the Roman Republic. Caesar separated himself from these two men through political, social, and militaristic efforts that led him to seize power. This process hit the Roman political landscape hard because by the time of Caesar's death, the Republic was completely finished. Caesar intended for this to happen. Caesar saw this group of people as those who had been suppressed for so long and now it was time for them to speak out. The fact that he was seen as someone who cared about the common man increased his power because in this way the people were supportive of whatever he proposed. For example, while fighting Gaul, he had two of his People's Tribunes in Rome pass legislation such as the Grain Allocation, which gave free grain to the urban poor. Implications of Caesar's social influence include the fact that he was the only man in his lifetime to have his face cast on the coinage of Rome. This allowed his popularity to increase throughout the Republic and then all his dawn around him to be shrouded in an almost divine reverence. The people would see his rise to power and his current status, while remaining attentive to the common man, as an ideal Roman citizen and truly representing what pietas means. This idea of pietas was widespread in Roman society and highlighted key ways of life that had to be respected: loyalty to the gods, to the Roman state, and to one's ancestors. Caesar showed this vital aspect of Roman culture by emphasizing the Roman family and the worship of Roman gods through architecture. For example, when he launched a massive building program to erect his own Forum, he made sure to have a statue to the goddess of his ancestors, Venus Genetrix. This veneration of a goddess helped illustrate his dedication to upholding pietas in the daily lives of the citizens of Rome. By being socially active in listening to the desires of the Plebeians and implementing pietas in the daily activities of the city, Caesar was able to accumulate more power socially than other Roman era rulers before him.