UMAR'S ACCESSION TO THE CALIFATEUmar was a born leader, a direct descendant of 'Adiy, head of one of the ten clans of the richest tribe and the most prestigious in Arabia, the Quraysh. Umar's grandfather, Nufayl b. 'Abd al-'Uzza was famous in the 'Adiy. 'Adiy was the main negotiator in Quraysh. Umar had participated in wrestling and horse riding competitions at the fair held annually at 'Ukaz, near the Arafat Hills. Umar inherited from his father and grandfather a deep knowledge of the Arab tribes. When Umar was already a public figure, he was around twenty-seven years old. Facing the tide of Islam, all its virtues have worked against themselves. His sense of honor was expressed by an arrogant tribal pride, his strength of conviction by narrow-minded stubbornness, his physical courage by a determined lack of feeling. Although once converted to Islam, all his qualities found sufficient reason to grow into their true and complete form. Before Umar's conversion to Islam, Umar and his father did not like Islam at all. Zayd's son Sa'id among the first to become Muslims and his wife Fatima, Umar's sister, also converted but they did not reveal their conversion to Umar. However, when Umar learned that Labina, a slave in Umar's house, had converted to Islam, he beat her badly. Frustrated, Umar decided to kill the Prophet. On the way, he met a member of the clan, Nu'aym b. 'Abdullah, another secret convert. When Nu'aym knows Umar's intention, he advises Umar to take care of it with his family first. Then Umar returned to his sister's house and accidentally heard his sister reciting passages from the Quran. The passages from the Quran are as follows: Whatever is in the heavens and on the earth exalts Allah, and He is in the middle of the paper. This had not been required during the caliphate of Abu Bakr. Umar insisted, and when Khalid refused to comply, he reduced him to a junior command under Abu 'Ubayd. Later in the same year, it came to the attention of Umar that Khalid had made a gift or payment of 10,000 dirhams to a poet..