Royal Caribbean Toxic Waste DumpingDuring the 1990s, one of the most famous cruise lines, Royal Caribbean, was caught illegally dumping waste toxic in the oceans surrounding the United States and surrounding countries, as well as international waters. According to Wald, the waste included, but was not limited to, oily water from the holds of ships, chemicals used for dry cleaning, and chemicals used to develop film. These chemicals were mixed with gray water, used water that can flow safely into the ocean, and then discharged with the gray water (1999). The Justice Department pointed out that in an attempt to cover their tracks, workers on these cruise ships kept false maintenance records and had branch pipes installed, so that it appeared they were getting rid of their used oil safely and legally, when in reality they were leaving it in the ocean, often in environmentally sensitive areas (1999). Environment News Service mentions how Royal Caribbean developed a bad reputation, first being investigated in the fall of 1994, and ultimately indicted in six different United States district courts in 1999 (1999). Bohlen reveals that charges against Royal Caribbean in 1999 totaled $18 million for their crimes against the public (1999). Friedrichs (2009) classifies this type of crime as a corporate crime, one or more "unlawful and harmful acts committed by corporate officers and employees to promote corporate (and personal) interests." (p. 7). According to Rosenzweig, Royal Caribbean's first run-in with the law occurred in 1994, when one of their ships submitted false logs to the Coast Guard for inspection three times. Workers on ships even use Norwegi...... middle of paper ......reach and Achievements (nd). In Royal Caribbean International. Retrieved February 2, 2014 Rosenfeld, D. (January 2010). Dirty water: profiting from ocean pollution. In the DC Office. Retrieved February 2, 2014Rosenzweig, D. (July 22, 1999). "Cruise line fined $18 million for dumping waste at sea". In the Los Angeles Times. Retrieved February 2, 2014. Royal Caribbean Pleads Guilty to Pollution of U.S. Waters (July 20, 1999). In Environmental Information Service. Retrieved February 2, 2014. ROYAL CARIBBEAN TO PAY RECORD CRIMINAL FINE OF $18 MILLION FOR SPILLING OIL AND HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS, MAKING FALSE REPORTS. Cruise Line faces 21 counts in 6 different US courts (1999, July 21). At the Ministry of Justice. Retrieved February 2, 2014 Wald, ML (July 22, 1999). "Cruise line pleads guilty to chemical dumping". In the New York Times. Retrieved February 2, 2014