Harpreet SinghIntroduction: An astonishing 347 million individuals (WHO-Danaei.G) suffer from diabetes mellitus (DM), a type of metabolic disease that is significantly influenced by high blood sugar ( causing individuals to generate high blood pressure (sugar) and may be characterized by insufficient production or inappropriate response to insulin. There are three different types of diabetes: type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, and gestational diabetes, all of which share common symptoms, including polyuria (frequent urination), polydipsia (increased thirst), and polyphagia (hunger increased) (Ahuja 1139). Typically, diabetes prevents ingested glucose from entering cells, thereby depriving the body of its main source of energy. Type 1 diabetes is insulin-dependent and associated with the sudden onset of aging, caused by insufficient production or excretion of insulin in cells. blood circulation. Type 1 is rare, affecting approximately 5-10% of the population but requiring daily insulin therapy and is most commonly seen in patients under the age of thirty. Supporting evidence indicates that type 1 is more susceptible to environmental factors than previously thought, with possible causes including infectious viruses (e.g. mumps, rubella, meningitis) (Cambridge 2). Recent advances in understanding the genetic basis of type 1 have allowed researchers to point to essential links and associations between HLA gene variants and type 1. Using this epigenetic modification and environmental factors, they will be able to to help relate the process by which these events involve the basics of type 1 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes is considered non-insulin dependent and contains the vast majority of all diabetics, approximately 90-95%, with . ..... middle of paper ...... in food, drink and the environment (Welshons). Another easily identifiable factor in the increased occurrence of diabetes are epigenetic risk factors. Genetic susceptibility, caused by missing genomic information, can be explained by additional variants such as post-translational histone modifications, which remove or rearrange DNA-bound histones. DNA methylation alters methylation levels of INS gene promoters and was found in patients with TD1 to alter histone methylation upstream of HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1. Non-coding RNAs give rise to altered expression of miRNAs in T1D regulatory T cells. Many signs of type 1 and type 2 diabetes are similar. Possible symptoms include polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, fatigue, blurred vision, weight loss in patients with T1D, and tingling/pain in the hands and feet of patients with T1D.2..