Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic bacteria that share some properties with algae and are found naturally in lakes, streams, ponds, and other surface waters. Cyanobacteria can multiply rapidly in surface water and cause “blooms”. Several types of cyanobacteria, for example Anabaena sp, have gas-filled cavities that allow them to float on the surface or at different levels below the surface, depending on light conditions and nutrient levels. This can cause cyanobacteria to concentrate on the surface of the water, causing a pea-soup green color or blue-green “scum.” Some cyanobacteria, such as Planktothrix sp, can be found in bottom sediments and float to the surface when mobilized by storms or other sediment disturbances. Other cyanobacteria blooms may remain dispersed in the water column (Cylindrospermopsis sp.), causing widespread discoloration of the water. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on “Why violent video games should not be banned”? Get the original essay Although various techniques have been developed to control cyanobacterial blooms and eliminate cyanobacterial cells or metabolites in water treatment processes In water, the effect of these treatments on the integrity of the cyanobacterial cell membrane has not been systematically studied and compared. Cyanobacterial blooms can be harmful to the environment, animals and human health. The bloom rot consumes oxygen, creating hypoxic conditions leading to the death of plants and animals. Under favorable light and nutrient conditions, some species of cyanobacteria produce toxic secondary metabolites, called cyanotoxins. Common toxin-producing cyanobacteria are Microcystis, Anabaena, Planktothrix, Anabaenopsis, Aphanizomenon (microcystin – LR producer), Cylindrospermopsis, Aphanizomenon, Anabaena, Lyngbya, Rhaphidiopsis, Umezakia (Cylindrospermopsin producer), Anabaena, Planktothrix, Cylindrospermopsi, s, Oscillatoria (anatoxin producer). The conditions that cause cyanobacteria to produce cyanotoxins are not well understood. Some species capable of producing toxins may not produce them under all conditions. These species are often part of the common flower-forming genera. There are nontoxic and toxic varieties of most common toxin-producing cyanobacteria, and it is impossible to tell whether a species is toxic or not by looking at it. Additionally, even when toxin-producing cyanobacteria are present, they may not produce toxins. Additionally, some species of cyanobacteria can produce multiple types and variants of cyanotoxins. Molecular tests are available to determine if cyanobacteria, Keep in mind: this is just a sample. Get a personalized article from our expert writers now. Get a personalized essay. Microcysts, for example, carry the toxin gene; Quantitative analysis of cyanotoxins is necessary to determine whether cyanobacteria actually produce the toxin. Water contaminated with cyanobacteria may be present without associated taste and odor problems. In most cases, cyanobacterial toxins exist naturally intracellularly (in the cytoplasm) and are retained within the cell. Anatoxin-a and microcystin variants are found intracellularly approximately 95% of the time during the growth phase of proliferation. For..