However, just like the grim crime figures, how can we know the true levels of human rights violations if States simply do not communicate not the exact numbers. There is no way to test the effectiveness of this model. In addition to states reporting violations, individuals can directly file human rights complaints with the UN. However, these people must prove that “domestic remedies have been exhausted” (Bedesman, 2006). How do I know if local remedies have been called into question? This leaves it up to the court to decide whether or not this is the case, leaving too much room for discretion. Another obvious drawback is the lack of law enforcement, with no international army to enforce human rights.