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  • Essay / Integration in “Recitatif”: Merging Binaries to Reveal...

    When critics analyze Toni Morrison's “Récitatif,” they often point out the racial ambiguity and binaries that the short story presents. However, most critics ignore Morrison's tendency to explore a middle ground between the binary and why she creates this seemingly "unnatural" space. Examples of this middle ground can be seen when Morrison questions what is between “black” and “white” or between Helane Androne’s binary “motherlessness” and “motherpresence”. She even questions subjects that are not binary but essential to the text, such as what exists between Kelly Reames' “sexual mother” and the semi-binary “religious mother.” Morrison seeks to take things that are essentially separated by the design or establishment of society, and merge them to create and reveal the small difference between the supposed opposites. This allows society to remove labels and confront so-called taboo topics like race, parenting and sexuality. Although Shanna Benjamin has explored this topic further by identifying the space that exists between binaries as "interstitial space," my goal is to delve into this place to truly discover what process occurs, what outcomes that process creates, and how and why Morrison does this. By using the term "integration", which is not the space between signifiers but the process and place where things merge and lose their distinctions, I seek to prove that Morrison explores this in-between space to reveal a social sense by emphasizing the integrated Maggie who often becomes the melting point and provides the necessary integration. Integration takes seemingly different themes, which are normally used in separate fields, and merges them to create something that speaks to the cultural assumptions and narrow issues of society. Integration is not simply the ambiguity or multiple meanings that a text can take on, but