In the first study examining the effects of spanking on children's aggression, researchers wanted to determine whether or not there was an association between the use of spanking and to corporal punishment on children at age 3 and child aggression which could potentially arise when the child reached age 5. They also wanted to examine any other potential risk factors that might contribute to the mother's use of corporal punishment on the child. For this study, researchers looked at samples from another study called the Fragile Families and Child Well-being Study, which looked at a variety of families from twenty major U.S. cities (Taylor, Manganello, Lee, Rice, 2010). . To make this study work, the researchers conducted two separate interviews. The first interview took place at the age of three. During this period, surveyed mothers were asked to indicate their age, ethnicity, education level, household income, religion and marital status. They were also asked to report how often they spanked their child for misbehavior. When asked about their child, the researchers chose to use a checklist that would allow mothers to provide them with information about their child's behavior. The checklist used was a checklist known as the Child Behavior Checklist which asked various questions ranging from how easily the child got frustrated, how demanding he was, and how he was aggressive towards other people and animals (Taylor et al., 2010). ).In the second phase of the study, investigators returned and interviewed the same people 2 years later. This time, they used a checklist similar to the one used at age 3, but the questions had changed to reflect the child's age. This was because the children were now at the age where they would go to school and socialize with other children as well as other authority figures who were not their parents. According to the study, this questionnaire was intended to determine whether the child argued a lot, bullied, fought and disobeyed at school (Taylor et al..