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Essay / A Report on Al-Qaeda, an International Militant Organization of Sunni Islamists Counterterrorism and Al-QaedaAl-Qaeda AttacksUnited States Domestic and Foreign Terrorism PolicySummaryAl-Qaeda originated in the final stages of the Soviet-Afghan War, and grew until the US offensive in Afghanistan in October 2001, when U.S. forces struck Al Qaeda and Taliban forces. Al-Qaeda is made up of men, women and children of different ages. Osama bin Laden, Muhammad Atef and Ayman al-Zawahiri are the founders of Al-Qaeda. Their goal was to continue the spread of jihad internationally. “The Base” is headquartered in Afghanistan, Peshawar and Pakistan. Osama bin Laden is Al-Qaeda's most influential leader. Osama's goal was to eliminate Western presence in the Islamic/Arab Middle East, which included fighting America's ally Israel, overthrowing America's local allies, and establishing Islamic regimes. Additionally, Al-Qaeda aimed to drive the Americans and their influence from all Muslim nations, especially Saudi Arabia. According to Bin Laden, it is the duty of Muslims around the world to wage a holy war against American citizens and Jews. Say no to plagiarism. Get Custom Essay on “Why Violent Video Games Should Not Be Banned”?Get Original EssayAl-Qaeda is considered the largest terrorist organization today. Al-Qaeda seeks to recruit members who share the same beliefs and values as them. The size of the Al-Qaeda group is difficult to measure. The exact number of Al-Qaeda members is not known. Many believe it is an active terrorist group that will continue to grow because it has expanded its network. Bruce Hoffman said in the Wall Street Journal: "Terrorism is not about numbers." He emphasized that a small number of dedicated, well-trained and highly motivated individuals can have a disproportionate impact on any society's sense of security and profoundly affect government policies. Transnational Terrorism and Al-QaedaTerrorism is difficult to define. It is not a physical entity whose dimensions must be measured, weighed and analyzed. Terrorism involves acts of violence dangerous to human life. When the term terrorism was first introduced in Western history, governments adjusted their policies based on how they defined the threat. Terrorism developed from the French Revolution between 1789 and 1799, and the word was originally used to describe the actions of the government and not a band of revolutionaries. Acts of terrorism have increased since 1799. For some terrorist groups, terrorism is their way of life. They seek to destroy in order to take power and control a certain region. Al-Qaeda is a highly motivated terrorist group and has become the most recognized and evocative symbol of the new terrorist threat. He provided the fanatical ideology, operational example and management model that other groups and individuals followed. This is the best example of the broader phenomenon of transnational extremist-Muslim terrorism. Transnational terrorism has generated nationwide interest over the past decade. Al-Qaeda is one of the largest transnational terrorist groups of all time. Al-Qaeda stands out from other transnational terrorists because they have favored support for otheractions. Since 9/11, Al Qaeda was believed to have links to groups, cells and individuals around the world, in approximately 70 countries. Their terrorist influence has spread to many countries such as Africa, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Iraq and a host of other countries, including parts of Asia. JihadistJihadi or Jihadist refers to a person who believes that an Islamic state governing the entire Muslim community should be created. , and that this necessity justifies violent conflict with those who obstruct it. Jihadists are a narrow subgroup of this group who interpret Islam and the concept of jihad to mean that war must be waged against states and groups that, in their view, have corrupted the ideals of Islamic governance. Saudi Arabia is high on this list because it claims to govern according to the precepts of Islam and is home to Mecca and Medina, the two holiest sites in Islam. Al-Qaeda's ideology, often described as "jihadism", is marked by the desire to kill. The jihadist organization has undergone changes since its creation in Afghanistan in 1988 by Bin Laden and Palestinian Sheikh Abdullah Yusuf Azzan. Central Al-Qaeda developed several branches and inspired many other radical Islamic organizations, each with their own independent resources. Motivation and meaningful framework Al-Qaeda operates within a meaningful framework. Theories of terrorism within the framework of meaning focus on the interpretation that individuals and groups give to the actions of others as well as their own actions. Individuals and groups create boundaries around their experiences and perceptions, and define the problems within them. Religious terrorists look at the modern world and reject it. It is evil in the sense of religious terrorism, and they refuse to accept the limitations of the modern secular world. Al-Qaeda's acts of terrorism are committed in the name of their religion and personal views of non-Muslim believers. Osama bin Laden designed the structure of the Al-Qaeda cadre. The year Osama bin Laden died was the year Al Qaeda's global network grew stronger. His death gave Al-Qaeda more significant reasons to fight and instigate more acts of terrorism. Al-Qaeda terrorists believe in sacrificing their lives through suicide attacks in the name of Allah. One of the current weaknesses of terrorism research is the lack of quantitative and qualitative behavioral studies. Randy Borum in White (2014) cited that researchers have come to the conclusion that there is no standard justification for justifying behavior. He says it is beneficial to distinguish three different phases of self-justification: reasons to join the group, reasons to stay, and reasons to leave (White, 2014, p. 39). Al-Qaeda members joined for social, political, economic and personal reasons. Which motivates the members to stay in the reward promised by Allah. Being part of Al-Qaeda is a sincere sacrifice that is usually not broken. The benefit of remaining a member of Al Qaeda is knowing that every member is supported. Al-Qaeda members maintain close ties and are willing to sacrifice their lives for each other. Studying the psyche of the 9/11 hijackers before the suicide attack revealed that they were ready to sacrifice their lives without hesitation. None of them had any doubts. They considered their actions as a necessary sacrifice to achieve the goal of establishing the religion of Majestic Allah on earth. What really motivates Al-Qaeda is not power, wealth or cadre, but ideological factions in the purification of Islam through violent struggle. ThereAl-Qaeda's main motivation comes from the United States. Al-Qaeda's primary goal is to destroy the United States government. Al-Qaeda poses numerous threats to the United States. Al-Qaeda's main goal today is to inspire and incite Islamist movements and Muslim masses around the world to attack those perceived as the enemies of Islam. Force Multipliers and Al-Qaeda The key point of terrorism is to use force multipliers to carry out a terrorist attack in order to be more damaging than a simple conventional attack. A force multiplier is a method of increasing striking power without increasing the number of combat troops in a military unit. The terrorist has four force multipliers; technology, transnational support, media coverage and religious fanaticism. Technology is used to enhance the power of equipment used in the attack. Millions of miles away, massive devices can be controlled with a simple tap on a bottom. Second, the media can be a great force in providing transnational support by providing culprits with a resume of their own making; a message aimed not only at the world but at other terrorist organizations. Finally, the religious fanaticism used in the September 11 attacks by Al-Qaeda sowed fear in the nation. Al-Qaeda terrorists sacrificed their lives just to take others. Their actions were done in the name of Allah. They are taught that a reward after life would be the result of their violent actions. The majority of Al-Qaeda terrorist attacks involve some type of bomb. Bombs are extremely destructive and will likely increase the number of lives lost at any one time. Terrorist groups seek media attention, and to attract attention, bombs are used to gain media coverage. Bombs can cause the most damage in the least amount of time than other weapons. Bombs are most often used in conjunction with other force multipliers such as hijacking, kidnapping, and hostage-taking. Al-Qaeda's key ingredient for effective terrorism is the use of force multipliers. Without this, Al-Qaeda would not succeed in its terrorist attacks. Female Al-Qaeda Terrorists It is common to assume that terrorism primarily involves men. When the media talks about terrorism, the common suspects presented are men. However, Al-Qaeda is a terrorist group known for including women in its criminal acts of terrorism. Islamist terrorists have long used women as suicide bombers. Their fighting vole has expanded with Al Qaeda's formation of an all-female jihadist fighting unit whose primary mission is reportedly to attack coalition targets in Afghanistan. The growing participation of female jihadists in violence represents a generational shift in their attitudes toward violence. Women are highly valued by jihadists as human projectiles, including children and the mentally disabled, who are used in the same way as Islamist terrorists. Al-Qaeda is known for using mentally disabled women with Down syndrome to carry out suicide attacks against U.S. and coalition forces during the Iraq War. There is no age requirement to join the Al-Qaeda Taliban. It was reported that an eight-year-old girl was involved in a suicide bombing in 2011. Unfortunately, the explosives detonated, killing the little girl before she could reach her target (Crimi, 2012). Some people may consider this incident harsh, but forAl-Qaeda, children are expected to sacrifice their lives for their religion, just like adults. Parents are willing to allow their children to participate in terrorist behavior, knowing that their child will not return home alive. Special Tactics Suicide bombings are Al-Qaeda's most common form of attack. Suicide bombings are used in the majority of all Al Qaeda attacks. Taliban men and women are ready to sacrifice their lives in the name of their religion. Suicide bombers are used to blend in with the population they aim to attack. For this reason, it increases the chances of success of the attack. Al-Qaeda has had many successes in suicide attacks. The United States was the victim of its suicide bombing. Although al-Qaeda prefers suicide attacks, it has shown interest in weapons of mass destruction over the past decade. The nuclear weapons used by Al-Qaeda have put many countries “on the edge of their seats.” It is suspected that nuclear terrorism will be used in the near future by Al-Qaeda forces. Nuclear terrorism constitutes a real and present danger for all States. Preventing it is an achievable goal. Terrorists exploit security vulnerabilities. The current regime of targets to protect the nuclear materials that terrorists desire as their ultimate weapon is far from transparent. The interest in nuclear war must be taken seriously. Nuclear war has the advantage of destroying large numbers of people in a matter of seconds. President Obama, the leaders of 46 other nations, the heads of the International Atomic Energy Agency and the United Nations, as well as numerous experts, called for global security and stability. However, it can be avoided with more aggressive measures (Brill and Luongo, 2012). It is Al-Qaeda which has shown the most interest in the use of nuclear devices. Al-Qaeda has been waging “nuclear war” since 1992. Al-Qaeda views nuclear terrorism as a justification for its religion. Al-Qaeda does not hesitate to use nuclear terrorism against the United States, its main target of jihad. If the Americans could be pushed into war, they could be defeated like the Soviets and permanently expelled from Muslim lands. Cyberterrorism serves those who want to expand their control over cyberspace. Although only a small portion of cybercrime can be classified as terrorism, the term "cyberterrorism" creates a subliminal connection in listeners' minds to groups such as Al-Qaeda and other global jihadists. Cyberterrorism is the new language of war. Al-Qaeda could turn its destructive attention to cyber warfare against the United States. According to ABC News, the national security community says the threat of cyberattack is real and the gap between terrorists' aspirations and capabilities is narrowing. Cyber Command's top intelligence official said al-Qaeda operatives are seeking the ability to launch cyberattacks against U.S. networks and that terrorists could purchase those capabilities from expert criminal hackers. Media and supporters 'Al-QaedaAl-Qaeda is not in terrorism alone. Al-Qaeda is a global jihadist umbrella organization. Al-Qaeda has many loyal supporters around the world and is also linked to other terrorist groups. Al-Qaeda is linked to the Egyptian Islamic Jihad, the Libyan Islamic Fighting Group, the Armed Islamic Group (Algeria), the Abu Sayyaf Group (Malaysia, Philippines) and the Jemaah Islamiyah (Southeast Asia), to name a few. name just a few. All of the above groups believe in the use of violence and follow the same organizationumbrella than Al-Qaeda. Al-Qaeda continues to gain new supporters through the use of media. Al-Qaeda is known for using social media to find new recruits. The media can influence perceptions of terrorism around the world and can be biased. Al-Qaeda's wish for the media is to spread jihadist philosophy, shape its message and hope to inspire others to its cause. Al-Qaeda is gradually transforming from a terrorist organization carrying out its own attacks into an ideological umbrella that encourages local movements to act. Its increasing reliance on various forms of media has made web supporters even more important. When the media reports on Al-Qaeda terrorist attacks, it gives them a sense of pride. Al-Qaeda members take pride in their work, knowing that they will have a rewarded expectation from Allah. FundingFunding is necessary for Al-Qaeda to be effective. Their acts of terrorism cost thousands of dollars to finance. Their funding comes from many sources around the world. According to experts, most of Al Qaeda's funding comes from sources such as smuggling, extortion, drug trafficking, ransoms and other crimes. Al-Qaeda has relied in recent years on funding and manpower from internal recruits (Laub, Masters, 2014). Unfortunately, the United States has had limited success in reducing funding for Al Qaeda. This is due to the lack of cooperation from Middle East, intelligence and national security allies. The United States even controlled the movement of funds of various wealthy individuals in the Persian Gulf. Counterterrorism and Al-Qaeda Counterterrorism activities are organized through special intelligence agents, special operations, prevention plans, and internal leaders such as President Barack Obama. President Obama's counterterrorism strategy is narrowly focused on Al-Qaeda and its ability to strike at home. Counterterrorism refers to the practices, tactics, techniques and strategies that governments, military and police departments and businesses adopt in response to terrorist threats and acts. The main objectives of the fight against terrorism are to make citizens safer from terrorist threats and to neutralize terrorist arrests, prosecutions, assassinations, etc. Defeating Al-Qaeda requires unconventional methods. The use of military force in conjunction with a concerted effort to offer an ideological alternative is the only way to tip the balance between terrorists and their supporters. It is essential that the counterterrorism community understands that without a combination of hard and soft power, the Al-Qaeda-led jihadist movement will not be defeated. Anti-terrorism methods have been effective since September 11. Although Al-Qaeda attempted to carry out another attack, no major events occurred. The United States is fully aware of the strength and power of Al-Qaeda and has implemented strategies and new ideas to prevent further terrorist attacks.Al-Qaeda AttacksThe first attack carried out by Al-Qaeda dates back to December 7, 1992. -The first Qaeda bombing killed two people at the Gold Mihor Hotel in Aden. The history of al-Qaeda attacks through April 2013 has involved countries such as Indonesia, Kenya, England, Jordan, Egypt, Iraq, the United States and many more. other countries across the country. Al-Qaeda's first attack on the United States occurred on February 26, 1993, when the World Trade Center in New York was attacked, killing six people and 1,000.
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