Table of contentsIntroductionFour components of sustainable tourismEcotourismCultural tourismResponsible tourismGeotourismConclusionIntroductionIt is safe to say that tourism brings advantages but also has disadvantages at the same time. In the 21st century, tourism consumers are demanding more quality, variety and flexibility in their travel. With rapid and increasing progress globally, sustainability is becoming a growing concern for everyone. With sustainable tourism, the importance of environmental, social and economic impacts has entered the decision-making process and will change the way tourism develops across the world and, in general, protect resources for future generations. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on “Why Violent Video Games Should Not Be Banned”? Get an original essayThis essay will introduce and explain the components related to sustainable tourism (ST): ecotourism, geotourism, responsible tourism and cultural tourism (Edgell, 2016), as well as the evaluation of existing literatures. Literature review on sustainable tourismSustainable development requires meeting the basic needs of all and extending opportunities to all to realize their aspirations for a better life. However, it is not a fixed state of harmony but rather a process of change made consistent with the future as well as current needs (Brundtland, 1987). Built on the principles of sustainable development, three impacts were taken into account: economic, social and environmental impacts. These are also known as The Triple Bottom Line (TBL). TBL is a concept that expands the notion of evaluating organizational performance to include not only traditional financial results, but also environmental quality and social justice (Elkington, 1999). The elements of the TBL can be combined in pairs, giving rise to some of the popular terms used to describe sustainable projects (Marshall and Toffel, 2005). Four Components of Sustainable TourismEcotourismEcotourism focuses on socially responsible travel, appreciation of natural habitats, environmental sustainability, cultural activities. appreciation and creation of economic opportunities for local communities (Edgell, 2016). According to Picard (2015), he mentioned how ecotourism has dealt with TBL and how it has contributed to sustainable development, but at the same time it does not mean that it is sustainable tourism. According to him, sustainable development is conditioned by strategic planning: if this is ineffective, ecotourism products have little chance of contributing to sustainable development. He gave some examples of how some ecotourism products were marketed in a way that did not benefit or involve local communities socially and even environmentally, with their resources being provided by short-term pursuit and cost-effectively, regardless of the environment. Alternatively, many hotels have implemented ecotourism and contributed to sustainable development. Additionally, they hired locals, participated in community programs, and completed training to learn more about how they can change and shape their hospitality and accommodations. An example was whale or dolphin watching. Although it benefits tourists and the local economy, it harms the environment and marine life, causing dolphins or whales to migrate and even cause their deaths.Cultural TourismCultural tourism is a form oftravel to a destination and live an authentic experience. history, heritage and culture (Edgell, 2016). Culture and heritage are often linked because they form a sense of national identity in places, and they serve and contribute to the economy and social identification. The development of cultural tourism currently presents very clear imbalances. On the one hand, it depends on localized resources that are difficult to reproduce. On the other hand, it is governed by an industry that is increasingly both global and disconnected from the sources of cultural capital (Valcic & Domsic, 2012). An example will be Sangchumnong & Kozak (2018), they explained how sustainable cultural heritage tourism is the key element in the development of Ban Wangka village in Thailand, and how TBL is a key strategy that has been implemented in order to develop the destination. and to prevent unsustainable practices. They also reported finding that the social and ethical dimension of the destination has been overshadowed by the economic dimension, which can lead to a lack of sustainability. The arrival of a large number of tourists, combined with the local population's lack of skills in tourism management, has caused the community to face several difficult situations. The degradation of Mon cultural heritage and changes in Mon cultural heritage resources can be seen in many areas of life, such as their clothing, beliefs and faith, customs and manners, preparation wisdom foods, their language and their name. Unequal distribution of income is another factor that has been noted, as a part of the local population does not appreciate the tourism industry because they do not earn any income from it, while their share of the resources has been overused and is in decline. Responsible tourismResponsible tourism is a tourism that promotes responsibility towards the environment through its sustainable use, responsibility for involving local communities in the tourism industry, responsibility for the safety and security of visitors and a government responsible, employees, employers, unions and local communities (Edgell, 2016). Conscious minimization, conscious defense, educational empathy and instrumental opportunism are four responsible tourism constructs involved in the positioning of relative involvement in responsible tourism as a type of tourist activity and objectives expressed by the tourist (Caruana, Glozer, Crane & McCabe, 2014). An example would be Frey and George (2010), who mentioned the current attitudes and perceptions of tourism business owners in Cape Town, South Africa, towards Responsible Tourism Management (RTM) practices. Despite their positive attitude toward RTM, companies are not investing time or money in changing management practices, and resource constraints are negatively impacting the relationship between what they would like to do and what is actually done. Although responsible tourism is not yet universally accepted, it continues to gain followers as more information becomes available. GeotourismAccording to Edgell (2016), geotourism is tourism that maintains or improves the geographical character of a place, its environment, its culture, its aesthetics, its heritage. , and the well-being of its residents. The National Geographic Society has developed a “National Geographic Geotourism Charter,” based on 13 principles that can be used by destinations and countries: Integrity of Place, International Codes, Market Selectivity, Market Diversity, Tourist Satisfaction, Involvement,.