In 2008 alone, the total of all seizures and pirated goods totaled nearly $273 million in the United States. Fashion products, including handbags, watches, clothing and textiles, account for a significant portion of international contraband trafficking. The issue of model piracy dates back to the Depression, when conflicts broke out between New York and Paris. During the Great Depression, counterfeiters of the newest styles posed a challenge to the haute couture designers who dominated Parisian design. Meanwhile, New York was becoming a real contender for the role of fashion capital. Design hacking effectively allows others to plagiarize the creative ideas of the original designers and capitalize on the benefits. Design piracy between New York and Paris during the interwar period occurred because no laws yet prohibited piracy, New York was beginning to become a fashion icon city and the argument meteorological designs had to be protected. One of the factors that played into the design piracy problem between Paris and New York was that no laws had yet been created to prohibit piracy in the fashion industry. Although many attempted bills were passed by Congress, none of them were successful. However, that didn't stop designers from fighting against all the people who stole their design ideas. For example, the French Association for the Artistic Protection of Seasonal Industries, founded by Vionnet and his lawyer, Armand Trouyet, sued every copier it could find. Designers took this very personally when they saw their copied designs being sold on black markets and resulting in a decrease in the face value of their actual products. In New York, the Fashion Originators Guild of America, founded by Renter and his lawyer Sylvan Gotshal, ga...... middle of paper ...... 3 (2006): 47-81. http://washingtonstate.worldcat.org/oclc/1990437825032.- Pouillard, Véronique. “Design Piracy in the Fashion Industries of Interwar Paris and New York.” Review of Business History, Volume, no. 85 (1990): 221-310. http://ntserver1.wsulibs.wsu.edu:2101/download.php?file=%2FBHR%2FBHR85_02%2FS0007680511000407a.pdf&code=5b8393bb9ce7d12c9a01ec5fab104dcd-Raustiala, Kal. The counterfeit economy: how initiation spares innovation. New York: University of Oxford, 2012- Schutte, Jeni. Copyright for Couture. Duke Law and Technology Review. Volume, no. 10 (1982): 1-46. http://ntserver1.wsulibs.wsu.edu:2082/scripts/wsuall.pl?url=http://wsulibs.wsu.edu:2069/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=69704707&site=ehost-live. - Sprigman, Christophe. “The paradox of piracy.” Virginia Law Review. Volume, no. 8 (2008): 23-35. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4144970.