1. Describe how the presence of bystanders affects aid. Some people may believe that being around many people would make them feel safer. However, this is not always the case. This is what social psychologists call the bystander effect (Edkins, nda; Kassin, Fein, & Markus, 2010). Studies have shown that participants were less likely to help another person in an emergency when they were part of a larger group. According to Latane and Darley, an emergency situation has five stages (cited by Kassin et al, 2010). The first step is to notice that something is happening. In a large crowd, distractions and personal concerns can prevent a person from noticing a problem developing. Additionally, people who live in large cities may be accustomed to seeing people lying on the ground, notably causing what is called stimulus overload. Additionally, when people look around, they may have pluralistic ignorance, that is, people will look around and think that others do not seem worried and therefore should not not an emergency (Edkins, nda). The next step is to interpret the situation. in emergency (Kassin et al, 2010). At this stage, ambiguity can cause a person to not perceive an event as an emergency. Additionally, if there is a perceived relationship between the victim and the perpetrator, people may not think it is an emergency. After interpreting the event as an emergency, people will have to take responsibility for helping the victim. However, at this stage, a person can absolve themselves of responsibility by apologizing as if someone else will help them. The fourth step is to decide how to help. At this stage, people may start to have doubts about helping them. This may be due to the person's lack of competence in the skills they possess... middle of paper ...... through cultivation, the person's attitudes and values ​​change. Although research has shown that watching violence can cause a person to become violent, censorship would not be the way to solve the problem. For starters, this is very unlikely to happen, and even if it did, it probably wouldn't be helpful. When looking at today's societies, violence can be seen in children's cartoons and adult films. Children are often exposed to aggressive and violent behavior. Rather than censoring these things, people should approach the subject from a different perspective. The most likely approach to dealing with violence in the media would be through proper education. Teaching children critical thinking skills to view violence in the media and improving their education about violent behavior is more likely to work than censorship..