Literature, as a crucial element of culture, functions as a reflection of reality. According to Marx, “the mode of production in material life determines the general character of the social, political, and spiritual processes of life” (Williams 266). The superstructure, as a product of men's spiritual processes, containing various ideological forms, one of which is literature, is not determined by "the consciousness of men", but by "social existence" (266). Regarding workers' literature, it also follows this rule: "the entire class produces and shapes them from its material foundations and corresponding social conditions" (267). Thus, labor literature is created based on the contemporary class status quo which greatly influences its theme and content. However, according to Marxist theory, there is an interaction between culture and social organization. Warner points out that although culture cannot go beyond social organization, its continuity is more visible in part because "it is easier to envision possibilities than to put them into practice"; “When a change in social organization is necessary, culture opposes the traditional norms of society…which have proven inadequate and uninspiring for further advancement into the future. » (270) Thus, literature offers the working class an approach to describe their ideal social organization, expressing opposing opinions against the unjust treatment meted out to them in an ideological form. Regarding the claim that literature provides a means for working class people to challenge the rights assigned to them. place in society, although literature can help influence reality by reflecting on and opposing existing social networks... middle of article......working class authors have a perspective and different styles to represent the working class, but they both manage to play the role of opposition to the existing social hierarchy in which workers are oppressed and mistreated, to speak for the interests of the working class and to arouse readers' concern about contemporary social conditions. Works Cited Gaskell, Elizabeth. Mary Barton. New York: Oxford University Press, 2006. PrintLloyd, David and Paul Thomas. Culture and State. New York: Routledge, 1998. Print. MacGill, Patrick. Children of the impasse. Horsham: Caliban Books, 1982. Print. Watts, Ruth, “Education, empire and social change in 19th-century England” Paedagogica Historica 45. 6 (2009): 773-786Williams, Raymond. Culture and society 1780-1950. London: Chatto & Windus, 1958. Print. UK Parliament website. British Parliament. Internet. November 8. 2013