The 1917 Constitution created a clear demarcation between the policies before the Mexican Revolution and the policies after the revolution . Before the 1917 Constitution, policies formulated by the Mexican government were based on neoliberal principles. After the 1917 Constitution, specifically its articles 3, 27 and 130, Mexico was influenced by socialist and anarchist policies. The 1917 Constitution, focusing on the articles mentioned above, influenced many events from its creation until the end of the government of Lázaro Cárdenas. Article 3 paved the way for improving the school system in Mexico. Article 27 influenced the implementation of the ejido system and the beginning of Mexican expropriation. Finally, and importantly, Article 130 has fueled a battle between Church and State. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on “Why Violent Video Games Should Not Be Banned”?Get the original essay First, the inclusion of Article 3 in the 1917 Constitution strongly influenced the improvement of the Mexican school system. Prior to the 1917 Constitution, the Constitution required that every municipality in Mexico required a school. However, a major part of the revolutionary reluctance in the country stemmed from the failure of the 1857 Constitution to be enforced by federal or local leaders. The 1917 Constitution, particularly Article 3, required that education be compulsory. Preschool, primary and secondary education were included in compulsory education. In order to satisfy the 1917 Constitution, the Mexican government devoted most of its budget to building schools for rural municipalities and hiring teachers. The inclusion of this article allowed José Vasconcelos, head of the Ministry of Education from 1920 to 1924, to implement Russian communist policies and practices into the Mexican education system. During this period, 1,000 rural schools were opened. Before 1900, less than 15% of the Mexican population was literate. Thanks to Article 3 and Cárdenas' creation of more than 8,000 additional rural schools, by 1940, 50% of the population was literate. For comparison, the National Preparatory School opened in 1868 under Díaz's presidency focused not on creating an egalitarian education for all, but on creating a school that would cater to the elites and prepare the highly educated individuals to the bureaucracy. and in any country, this is an important development because literacy is a good measure of education for a country. As the population becomes more literate, more people will pursue higher education and advanced careers, allowing Mexico to have a larger pool of professionals to draw on. The advancement of an educated population in Mexico meant a broader democratic base and a more robust economic system. Second, Article 27, with its strong policy of nationalization of Mexican resources, influenced the ejido system and created the long-running Mexican oil company, PEMEX. Article 27 focused heavily on land reform with Mexico. Article 27, after Article 3, was strongly influenced by socialist values. This article stipulated: “The ownership of lands and waters located within the limits of the national territory originally belonged to the Nation, which had and continued to have the right to transmit the title to private persons, thus constituting private property” (Handout on article). Furthermore, Article 27 stipulatedalso: “The federal government has the power to establish and abolish national reserves” (article document). Before the 1917 Constitution, land was organized under the hacienda system where wealthy individuals owned large areas of land for financial use. agriculture for purposes. However, Article 27 authorized the use of the ejido system. The ejido system was the traditional Aztec way of owning land. Under this system, individuals did not own land. In this system, communities owned and maintained the land. This was a very close Native American or indigenous collectivism, similar to Russian Communism. Under the ejido system, Obregón redistributed over 3 million acres of land to Indian communities between 1920 and 1924. These individuals were clearly linked to the Porfiriato and were therefore punished for being part of a government now considered a dictatorship. Additionally, Plutarco Elías Calles, president of Mexico from 1924 to 1928, also redistributed 8 million acres of land in the ejido system. Calles also targeted members of the Porfiriato who managed to escape Obregon's redistribution plan. Calles, as anti-religious as he was, also confiscated Church lands. Lázaro Cárdenas, President of Mexico from 1934 to 1940, influenced by the actions of previous presidents and the provisions of Article 27, expropriated 49 million acres of land and returned it to Mexican communities. However, between 1936 and 1938 the strength of Article 27 and the Bucareli Accords were to be tested. The Bucareli Agreement of 1923 required that Article 27 not be retroactive for U.S. companies that began using Mexico's oil reserves before the 1917 Constitution, because both America and Mexico were aware of the contributions that America had made to the Mexican economy in the past. . This agreement also brought recognition to Obregon's government and all the presidents who followed him. Additionally, this agreement and Article 27 influenced the conflict between the Confederation of Mexican Workers and the oil companies. Workers demanded $65 million in wage increases and compensation, while oil companies agreed to give only $14 million. The oil companies refused to accept the $26 million midpoint solution proposed by the arbitrator. Even after the disagreement reached the Supreme Court, the oil companies refused to pay the unions. On March 18, 1938, Lázaro Cárdenas declared the expropriation of Mexico's oil companies, stating that they would not belong to Mexico without compensation. Cárdenas used Article 27 to justify his actions and the obvious fact that the oil companies were not operating in the interest of the Mexican people. Cárdenas, with the help of the Mexican people, agreed to pay $20 million in compensation to the oil companies. This is an important development influenced by the 1917 Constitution, as to this day the Mexican Oil Company, better known as PEMEX, owns Mexico's oil companies. Finally, Article 130 influenced the growing conflict between the Church and the Mexican state. When the Constitution was drafted, deep nationalist and anarchist sentiments circulated throughout Mexico. Article 130 of the Constitution created the Church as a non-legal entity. By creating the Church as a non-legal entity, the Church now had less power in its dealings with the Mexican state. Thus, the Mexican State could regulate the Church without it having legal means to refute the policies and..