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  • Essay / Industrial pollutants: heavy metals and their salts

    1. IntroductionHeavy metals and their salts (Cu, Zn, Hg, Pb, Co, Ni,) are widespread industrial pollutants. In waters, they come from natural sources (rocks, surface layers of soil and groundwater), wastewater from many industrial enterprises and precipitation, which are polluted by smoke emissions. Heavy metals in the form of trace elements are constantly encountered in natural waters and water bodies. Depending on geochemical conditions, their levels vary considerably. Heavy metals are quite stable. Entering the ponds, they are included in the cycle of matter and undergo various transformations. Inorganic compounds quickly bind to the water buffer system and are transferred to poorly soluble hydroxides, carbonates, sulfides and phosphates, and also form organometallic complexes that are adsorbed into bottom sediments. Under the influence of living organisms (bacteria, etc.) mercury, tin, arsenic undergo methylation, becoming a more toxic alkyl compound. Additionally, metals can accumulate in various organisms and be passed in increasing amounts through the food chain. Mercury, zinc, lead, cadmium and arsenic are particularly dangerous, since their consumption in humans and higher animals can cause poisoning. The accumulation coefficient of materials varies from several hundred to several thousand. There are many heavy metals, but in this project we focused on Co(II). Because Co(II) seems to be one of the essential elements in the human body at low concentrations. However, when cobalt is too concentrated, it can damage the human body and cause diseases such as asthma and pneumonia1. Cobalt pollution can be caused by gas turbines in cars, used in many alloys (superalloys for gas turbine aircraft engine parts, corrosion...... middle of paper ..... .program, I feel ready to move on to a four-year college and participate more in the specialized program.7 References1 "Cobalt - Co.", November 28, 2013. .2. 1817.3. Park, D. and Yeoung-Sang, Y. 2010, Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering, 15, 86-102.4, Rehm, B. 2009, Alginates: Biology and Applications, New York, USA.5. Gulay, S. 2009, Immobilization of Thermophilic Recombinant Esterase Enzyme by Entrapment in Coated Ca Alginate Beads, Izmir Institute of Technology Higher School of Engineering and Sciences Thesis.6. and Yoe, R. 1954, Anal Chem., 26, 1345-1347.7, Kotrba, M. and Macek, T. 2011, Microbial biosorption of metals: Springer, New York, USA..