After centuries of wars, regime changes, and revolutions, 18th-century Europe was reestablishing national borders and seeking national pride in each country. European nations built this pride by researching national architectural styles. At the beginning of the 19th century, two attitudes emerged regarding the search for a national historical style: pluralism and revivalism. Proponents of pluralism believed it was appropriate to build contemporary cities using different styles depending on the building's purpose, for example a Gothic-style church and a classical bank building. Revivalists, on the other hand, believed that a nation should choose a common style that draws on the history of that particular nation. This led to disagreements in many European countries over which style would best fit their national history and arouse pride in their citizens. Two distinct styles emerged during this time, the light, highly decorated Gothic Revival style, and the simpler, firmer Romanesque Revival style. Romans, identified as the classical revivals. At the same time, the new philosophy of aesthetics contradicted the Enlightenment and brought a different vision of the arts and beauty, presented by thinkers like Alexander Baumgarten, Edmund Burke, Immanuel Kant and William Gilpin, who sought answers about the sensitivity or “responsiveness to stimulation of the senses.” » Seen by many as a vindication of the medieval renaissances and an opposition to Enlightenment theories which defined the idea of ​​beauty around Vitruvius' emphasis on proportion...... middle of paper ...... ition and political theories followed with the people and as a result, the novel style was revived in the United States around the same time as in Germany thanks to many German immigrants. (Kathleen Curran, The Romanesque Revival, USA, 2003. Pg. XXV) Its popularity was due in part to the fact that it referenced history, while offering more flexibility and variety than classical styles. The style was also more economical than the more ornate Gothic Revival style, particularly because of the less decorated windows. The most influential architect of the 19th century was Henry Hobson Richardson (1838-1886), who designed public, educational, religious, private, and commercial buildings in the Romanesque style in various states of the United States. America eventually adapted the style through the Richardsonian Romanesque, which had rougher, more rustic masonry..