This willingness to overlook bullying behavior is indicative of weak management, not only because it fails to meet ethical standards, but it is flawed in its assumption that the net sum is positive for the organization because it fails to adequately account for the visible and invisible costs of workplace bullying. Nor does it consider bullying behavior as a contagion, in which a “civic vacuum” is created (Sutton 2007: 95) because cooperation between employees breaks down and everyone seeks to protect themselves and to protect his position. According to Sutton, a study of hospital workers conducted by Dr. Michelle Duffy on the effects of "morally disengaged" bosses on their employees found that after 6 months, many workers exhibited many of the same traits as their hostile bosses: teasing , put on stockings and cold (2007,