In the United States, among the top ten diseases causing the most deaths, diabetes took seventh place in 2007 based on the certificate of American deaths (CDC, 2011). Measures are usually taken to minimize blood sugar levels in the human body, including injection of insulin. In the early stage of diabetes, insulin injection is used more frequently in order to reduce blood sugar levels in the body because insulin is produced in small amounts due to the disease. Some people are unaware that they themselves have diabetes until they seek a diagnosis. Therefore, further research has been carried out in order to find the solution to treat this chronic disease. Although there are such treatment options, other more cost-effective and beneficial alternatives also cannot be ignored. The trial will mainly focus on the pathophysiology of diabetes and also how insulin injection treats or minimizes diabetes. Before delving further into the effects of diabetes on the human body, the definition of diabetes will be briefly discussed. Diabetes is a disease known to most people that occurs when blood sugar levels are unusually high compared to the normal level. The trial will focus more on type 1 diabetes in which insulin production in the pancreas is inhibited because the β cells of the pancreas are destroyed by the immune system (Dr Ananya Mandal). Unusually high blood sugar levels can have adverse effects on the human body. The kidney will eventually be damaged by the high concentration of glucose in the blood. This is the result of the extra work done by the glomerulus to filter high blood sugar, which causes the glomerulus to leak (American Diabetes Association, 2013). Diabetes also causes... middle of paper ...... the conversion of glucose 1-phosphate by the enzyme glycogen synthase. Through all these processes, the blood glucose level will eventually drop and thus minimize diabetes. The solution to finding a cure for diabetes has until now remained a mystery, waiting to be solved and found. The autoimmune system poses many questions for most researchers, because the reasons for this phenomenon remain unknown. Although some assumptions are made, there is not enough understanding to prove these assumptions. (Dr. Ananya Mandal) From this trial, some very important conclusions are as follows: • Diabetes will not only damage the kidneys but also other organs. • There are alternatives other than insulin to minimize diabetes. Over time, with the help of technology and new knowledge obtained through research, we hope that a cure for diabetes can be found.