A common side effect of antibiotics is diarrhea. Diarrhea leads to increased length of stay in health facilities and increased cost of treatment. As a cause of diarrhea, CDI has become the major problem in many developed countries. There has been an increase in incidents and severity of CDI since the discovery of C. difficile in the 1970s. Recent reports show a slight increase in incidents, severity and mortality despite enormous advances in management and treatment of CDI (Al-Jashaami and DuPont 2016). In the United States, CDI has become the most frequently reported infection to health care organizations and its epidemic is driven by more virulent strains that cause severe disease (Gerding, Muto et al. 2008). Based on US death certificate data, the CDI mortality rate was 14,000 in 2007, 29,000 in 2011, and 44,500 in 2014 (Hopkins and Wilson 2017). In addition, the cost of CDI treatment and hospitalization is significant. Treatment for CDI ranges from $2,871 to $4,846 in the United States and $5,243 to $8,570 outside the United States, which covers only medications and laboratory, without hospitalization, which constitutes the main cost driver (Ghantoji, Sail et al. 2010). Although diagnosis and treatment have advanced over the past two decades, prevention of CDI remains a challenge, especially in healthcare settings. Despite the use of antibiotics to treat CDI, other potential treatment factors have been explored, such as the use of probiotic bacteria. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on “Why Violent Video Games Should Not Be Banned”? Get the original essay Probiotics are live organisms that, when administered in an adequate dose, can benefit the host by restoring the normal level of bacteria in the gut. Probiotics are another advanced approach to hinder the development of CDI. Since treatment with antibiotics can disrupt the natural microbiota of the colon, treatment with probiotics prevents disruption of the microbiome, which could prevent CDI. One study showed that administering lactobacilli to hospitalized patients receiving antibiotics resulted in a reduction in diarrheal symptoms and a reduced risk of CDI (Avila, Avila et al. 2016). Probiotics can be used as a flushing treatment in patients after a full course of anti-CDI antibiotics. Some probiotics have an immunorectavier effect in which their administration can increase the level of IgA in the intestine and prevent the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 8 (Buts, Bernasconi et al. 1990, Dahan, Dalmasso et al. 2003 ). Bacillus species have been shown to produce antimicrobial agents capable of inhibiting certain pathogens, i.e. the supernatant of B. subtilis (strain name: URID 12.1) showed antimicrobial activity in inhibiting the growth of multidrug-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pyogenes and Enterococcus faecalis (Chalasani, Dhanarajan et al. The bacteriocin-like substance of B. subtilis has been shown to inhibit different clinical bacteria such as Salmonella typhi, which causes typhoid (Boottanun, Potisap et al. 2017). Antibiotics secreted by B. megaterium showed activity against Leuconostoc mesenteroides (strain: VKPM B-4177), which is resistant to glycopeptide antibiotics, as well as against Gram bacteria. negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Malanicheva, Kozlov et al. 2012)..