It is estimated that more than 1,000,000 children experience divorce each year (Adams 205). Various studies have been conducted to determine whether or not divorce has negative, positive, or no effects on the children involved. When losing a parent to divorce, the two most common views are that there are in fact effects on the children, but what differs is whether it is negative or positive effects. On the negative side, this can be seen as a period of devastating instability in a teenager's life and on the positive side, it can be seen as an opportunity to grow. However, in Portnoy's article, his findings prove that "children of divorce have higher levels of depression and anxiety, lower self-esteem, and more frequent use of psychological services ».”