The Past and Future of Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) It was introduced as a much-needed update to the proven T1 technology developed in the early 1960s. Although the T1 was ahead of its time in the 1960s, providing users with the ability to transmit voice traffic and. eventually carrying data and video at speeds of 1,544 Mbps, it was quickly becoming a technology in need of updating. T1 used a basic two-wire copper connection that had limited distance and quality of service due to interference. Much like T1, SONET was designed to be a fast and efficient way to transport, multiplex and switch digital signals for voice and data to and from user applications. As the world of communications continued to expand and more people tried to transmit voice and data, copper wiring became less and less efficient. It became very expensive to install and maintain copper backbones consisting of hundreds or even thousands of cables. In addition to cost, copper is also susceptible to electromagnetic interference (EMI), crosstalk, and is limited in the distance data can travel. Any electrical spike from a simple thunderstorm or other cables too close to the copper lines would cause interference that could be felt at the receiving end. When fiber optics was introduced to replace copper, it solved these problems: you could now send multiple streams of data over a thin glass core that was unaffected by electromagnetic interference. When fiber first appeared, companies immediately began competing to see who had the most complex and efficient system for transmitting data over fiber optics. Although the... middle of paper ...... (n.d.) SONET/SDH and generic Connection Oriented Networks Frame Procedure (GFP): SONET/SDH, ATM, MPLS, and Optical Networks Excerpt from Warren, Dave, and Hartmann , Denis (August 26, 2003) Cisco Self-Study: Creating Cisco Metro Optical Networks Retrieved from http://my.safaribooksonline.com/book/networking/cisco/1587050706/configuring-ons-15454-and-ons-15327/ ch05lev1sec2Lauer, Carolyn (2003) Atomic clocks What time is it really? Retrieved from http://www3.nd.edu/~techrev/Archive/Winter2002/a4.html(nd) Tektronix Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) Tutorial Retrieved from http://www.gta.ufrj.br/seminarios /semin2004_1 /sonet/files/sonet.pdfSynchronous. (nd). Merriam-Webster.com. Retrieved from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/synchronousAsynchronous. (nd). Merriam-Webster.com. Retrieved from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/asynchronous

Essay / The Past and Future of Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) It was introduced as a much-needed update to the proven T1 technology developed in the early 1960s. Although the T1 was ahead of its time in the 1960s, providing users with the ability to transmit voice traffic and. eventually carrying data and video at speeds of 1,544 Mbps, it was quickly becoming a technology in need of updating. T1 used a basic two-wire copper connection that had limited distance and quality of service due to interference. Much like T1, SONET was designed to be a fast and efficient way to transport, multiplex and switch digital signals for voice and data to and from user applications. As the world of communications continued to expand and more people tried to transmit voice and data, copper wiring became less and less efficient. It became very expensive to install and maintain copper backbones consisting of hundreds or even thousands of cables. In addition to cost, copper is also susceptible to electromagnetic interference (EMI), crosstalk, and is limited in the distance data can travel. Any electrical spike from a simple thunderstorm or other cables too close to the copper lines would cause interference that could be felt at the receiving end. When fiber optics was introduced to replace copper, it solved these problems: you could now send multiple streams of data over a thin glass core that was unaffected by electromagnetic interference. When fiber first appeared, companies immediately began competing to see who had the most complex and efficient system for transmitting data over fiber optics. Although the... middle of paper ...... (n.d.) SONET/SDH and generic Connection Oriented Networks Frame Procedure (GFP): SONET/SDH, ATM, MPLS, and Optical Networks Excerpt from Warren, Dave, and Hartmann , Denis (August 26, 2003) Cisco Self-Study: Creating Cisco Metro Optical Networks Retrieved from http://my.safaribooksonline.com/book/networking/cisco/1587050706/configuring-ons-15454-and-ons-15327/ ch05lev1sec2Lauer, Carolyn (2003) Atomic clocks What time is it really? Retrieved from http://www3.nd.edu/~techrev/Archive/Winter2002/a4.html(nd) Tektronix Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) Tutorial Retrieved from http://www.gta.ufrj.br/seminarios /semin2004_1 /sonet/files/sonet.pdfSynchronous. (nd). Merriam-Webster.com. Retrieved from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/synchronousAsynchronous. (nd). Merriam-Webster.com. Retrieved from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/asynchronous

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