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Essay / Analysis of Socrates' Political Constitution - 1019
In this work, Socrates presents four different types of political constitutions. The four types are: Timocracy; Oligarchy; Democracy; and tyranny. Socrates points out the type of men that are born from these different constitutions and how one of them is actually less desirable and transferred from his previous form of government/constitution. All four are different stages of deterioration from the perfect and just Kallipolis style of constitution. Socrates first speaks of a timocracy. A timocracy is a political constitution formed by men who ardently seek honor and glory. They are more interested in war and the admiration that war heroes feel at the accumulation of material wealth. This type of man shaped by this constitution is rather simple in nature in that he is very factual and rational in his thinking. He is not necessarily a “thinking” man and is very direct; cut and dried. Simple men are more inclined to war than to peace. According to Socrates, the timocratic man comes from a society, having competing interests between the concentration on virtue and the accumulation of wealth. It is a compromise between these two competing interests and the corresponding type of man is formed by his parents and other adults (i.e. servants) with whom he comes into contact. The father may be focused on pursuing the glory, honor, and prestige that comes from being a warrior. The father would then appeal to the young man's rational side. On the other hand, his mother appealed to his greed and encouraged him to pursue material possessions (549d). As a result, the young man grows up and accepts a middle ground of his influences and becomes a fiery, victory-loving man who has a now greater thirst for money...... middle of paper ...... e of the auxiliaries – the warrior class. This is a laudable goal to pursue, but one that may never truly exist, because even if man has the capacity to reason, that reason is always doomed to go wrong over time and deteriorate within four different political constitutions mentioned earlier in this article. that Socrates' arguments are valid and that he succeeds in explaining his reasoning that a just society would provide the happiest life. When a person is not enslaved to a lust for power and/or wealth, or does not succumb to base physical desires, there will be less crime. This is a laudable goal that we should all pursue. Not all goals or ideals are easily achieved, if ever fully achieved, but it is a good thing to strive for. In order to change society, we must all first become that change agent and be the living, breathing representation of what we aspire to be..