Aristotle defines "speech" as a kind of articulated "voice", and the basic difference between "voice" and "speech" is the process of articulation which is carried out by the language. Aristotle believes that only human beings have the ability to use "language" to indicate what is beneficial and what is harmful, good and evil, while other animals can only utter a voice to indicate things. painful and pleasant. Grammar is the study or use of the rules for how words change shape and combine with other words to form sentences. (Cambridge Dictionary). The history of English grammar began in the late 16th century with William Bullokar's Pamphlet for Grammar. In early works, the structure and rules of English grammar were based on those of Latin. A more modern approach, integrating phonology, was introduced in the 19th century (Cole, 2005). Extended noun phrases are types of nouns that include tangible objects as well as abstract objects. In academic writing, nouns are often used as part of large noun groups. Noun phrases are groups of words that provide more information about people, places, or concepts. In systemic functional grammar, a noun phrase is a group of words that represents or describes an entity, for example "The kind old English police inspector who sat at the table is Mr. Morse" (Target 4, p. 88) . The verb phrase is one of the groups in English and it consists of a group of verbs usually with the lexical verb as the keyword. The structure of the verbal group is dynamic. A verb group can consist of a lexical verb or a lexical verb preceded by a. auxiliary verb. Articles are words that define a noun as specific or nonspecific. Consider the following example: After a long day, the cup of tea was particularly good (link 3, page 76). of three essential aspects of English grammar, namely: noun phrases, verb phrases and articles with relevant examples from the prescribed English grammar texts used in grades 9 to 13 in Fiji schools. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made course. essay on “Why violent video games should not be banned”? Get the original essay To begin with, nouns and noun phrases are used for various purposes in English grammar and have their own functions. First and foremost, formal written English uses nouns and noun phrases (noun-based expressions) more than verbs. A simple example is this: like all other forms of life, we human beings are the product of evolution. (Realities, p. 34). Like all other forms of life, we human beings are the product of our evolution. The noun “evolution” is preferred to the verb “evolve”. Another example is: Premack used a set of plastic shavings to teach a chimpanzee named Sarah the meaning of a set of symbols. Premack used a set of plastic shavings to teach a chimpanzee named Sarah what a set of symbols means. “The meaning of the symbols” is preferred to “what the symbols mean” (Réalités p. 54). , Noun groups can function as subjects, complements or objects of prepositions. Its function as a subject is explained in the sentence below. A more detailed life of Lord Reading, Liberal leader in the House of Lords and an important player in the events of 1931. (topic), would be of great value. (Target 7, page 89). Noun phrases also act as a complement. Take for example, it is planned to extract amuch greater harvest of the woody resource (Supplement). It must be said that the underlined sentence completes the plans in question. (Target 7 page 66). Its function as an object of preposition is also considered. For example, the information arrived very correctly in the files of the investigation of antimalarial compounds under the investigation number SN-183. The underlined prepositional phrase gives details of the information. (Target 7 p. 43).The table above shows a complex structure of noun phrases with relevant examples. Generally speaking, it can be said that noun phrases are identified in English grammar for the names of people, places and things and make writings or conversations clearer to understand. Verbal-verbal groups are used in English grammar for many reasons. A verb group can be made up of a lexical verb or a lexical verb preceded by an auxiliary verb. The verbal group is that which appears under the preacher; that is, everything below the preacher is verbal in nature. The structure is auxiliary (a) and lexical (l). It is not possible to have more than one lexical verb in a sentence. Negation is the operation of transforming a sentence or other unit into its negative form, in particular by using "non". The normal form of negation in English is to add not or its contracted form (n't) after the operator; that is, after the first auxiliary verb or the finite verb “être”. In the examples used below, (a) stands for “auxiliary,” (n) stands for “negator,” and (l) stands for “lexical.” Consider the following: We didn't like the samples she brought. [a, n, l] . He won't leave until you pay his money. [a, n, l]. She couldn't come to the meeting. [a, n, l] (Link 3 p. 94, 113 and 146). Another important function of verb phrases is to introduce a verb as a direct object. In the absence of an operator (modal auxiliary or non-modal auxiliary), we introduce one of the primary auxiliary verbs, more precisely the verb faire. For example: Tommy hates sweating – Tommy doesn't hate it. Women travel together – Women do not travel together. She cooked the food – She didn't cook the food. Underlined sentences represent a direct object. Similarly, verbs are used as a list of phrasal verbs. A phrasal verb is a sentence made up of a verb and an adverbial. Phrasal verbs are also similar to idiomatic expressions. For example, argue against someone – beat someone in a debate. Sally could always criticize him if she had to. Argue something – reduce something, like a bill or price, by arguing. I tried to lower the price, but it was no use. Tom couldn't dispute the bill. (English Basics, p. 119). Overall, it can be said that verb-phrases play a vital role in highlighting the action in sentences for clarity and analysis. The final aspect of part of speech in the grammar for this article is the use of Articles. The English language uses three words as articles: "a" before singular indefinite nouns beginning with a consonant, "an" before singular indefinite nouns beginning with a vowel, and "the" before definite nouns. "A"/"An" is considered a substitute for "One" or "Any". This is the most common use of indefinite articles. You must use "a" or "an" before any singular countable noun that is undefined. For example, you say, “This morning I saw a dog.” (Target 5, page 23).Use "a" because the dog is neither your dog nor the only dog ​​in town; It's just a dog you saw by chance. “A”/”An” is used to..