Intelligence versus Law EnforcementIntelligence collection and arrest of criminals has been taking place for many years; however, with the exception of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, these actions were carried out by different organizations. Nonetheless, roles and responsibilities have changed since the attacks of September 11, 2001. Intelligence-driven policing and the National Criminal Intelligence Sharing Program have been integrated, and fusion centers have been created to help gather intelligence at different levels of government. Although law enforcement at the local, state, and tribal levels assist in intelligence collection, it is important to ensure that intelligence collected to protect national security and intelligence intended for law enforcement is maintained separately. Although law enforcement operations can augment intelligence operations and vice versa, complications can arise when the two actions are combined. Government agencies must also ensure that sensitive and secret information is not disclosed or compromised when sharing intelligence. The objective is therefore to describe intelligence and law enforcement operations, discuss expectations for prevention and punishment, and discuss the benefits and consequences of combining law enforcement operations and intelligence. Features of intelligence operations Intelligence operations consist of many actions and are carried out by various intelligence organizations. . Intelligence operations consist of planning, collection, analysis, espionage, exploitation, dissemination, evaluation, etc. Intelligence operations are carried out by many organizations, such as the Department of Defense (DOD), Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA). ),...... middle of paper ......08276224?accountid=28180Ott, TP (2010). U.S. law enforcement strategies to combat organized crime threats to financial institutions. Journal of Financial Crime, 17(4), 375-386. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13590791011082742Plecas, D., McCormick, A.V., Levine, J., Neal, P., & Cohen, I.M. (2011). Evidence-based solution for information sharing between law enforcement agencies. Police, 34(1), 120-134. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13639511111106641Schaible, LM and Sheffield, J. (2012). Intelligence-driven policing and a shift in state-level law enforcement agencies. Policing, 35(4), 761-784. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13639511211275643Tidd, J.M. (2008). From Revolution to Reform: A Brief History of American Intelligence. The SAIS Journal of International Affairs, 28(1), 5-24. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com.proxy1.ncu.edu/docview/231350775?accountid=28180