The goals of Deng Xiaoping's economic reform were the "Four Modernizations". These four modernizations refer to the reform of agriculture, industry, national defense and science and technology. These reforms aimed to address problems related to motivating workers and farmers to produce a larger surplus and to eliminate economic imbalances common in command economies. Deng Xiaoping believed that the quickest way to build a better China was to immediately improve living conditions, to give people the level of morale they need to continue their development. At this time, he realized that China needed economic reforms; he found very effective ways to reform the Chinese economy. His goals were to open the Chinese market to the outside world, dismantle collective farms, get rid of state-owned enterprises, and create more jobs for industrial workers. He found that the most important was the modernization of agriculture, because 80% of the population lived mainly from agricultural production. The new contractual liability system allowed farmers to lease land for individual farming families. Farmers had to sell a certain percentage of their crops to the state at the state price, and they could sell the rest for their own profits. This system made it possible to double rural income (Benson, 47 years old). This marks a successful modernization of agriculture. Besides the modernization of agriculture, during the Deng era there was a shift from central planning and reliance on heavy industry to consumption-oriented industries and reliance on with regard to trade and foreign investment. Some of the new factories were purchased from other countries; some of them were built with local resources. Capitalist enterprise was middle of paper ......ation, Chinese students were able to learn about the higher standard of living and were exposed to a range of ideas that could become deeply subversive influences. In the late 1970s, the United States established full diplomatic relations with China and terminated the mutual defense treaty that the United States and the Republic of China had signed in 1954. In addition, the United States The United States opened its markets and continued to restrict the export to China of technologies with possible military uses. But in 1982, the Chinese began to distance themselves from the United States to improve relations with the Soviet Union. But only a year later, after a substantial easing of US restrictions on exports to China, relations between China and the United States began to improve again. Works Cited Moise, Edwin E. Modern China. Great Britain: Pearson Education, 2008. Benson, Linda. China since 1949. Great Britain: Pearson Education, 20082.