(Jackson. Classical and modern thought on international relations: from anarchy to cosmopolis.) The idea of ​​a global unity of beings humans as a single species living in a global society — Notions of universal law and harmony were expressed and transformed by many Enlightenment cosmopolitans, including Jeremy Bentham, David Hume, and Adam Smith, but it is widely accepted that Immanuel Kant's legacy is the most significant in terms of culture. Kant fused elements of republicanism and liberalism with a sense of moral universalism requiring individuals to think like citizens of the world. As a moral being, each individual has the duty to obey and understand the bonds and principles that unite him or her with other humans. Kant's theory of morality is summarized by the following statement: "Treat everyone as an end in itself rather than as a means to an end.