Millions of people are chronically infected with HBV worldwide despite the use of an effective vaccine. Infected people are at high risk of developing liver cancer. Although there are current treatment regimens capable of effectively suppressing HBV viral replication, the virus has a unique replication strategy that allows it to persist in infected hepatocytes and eventually cause a relapse of viral activity in the infected hepatocytes. infected individual. Progress in understanding HBV replication and developing more effective therapeutic strategies aimed at achieving durable viral control is hampered. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on “Why Violent Video Games Should Not Be Banned”? Get the original essay The covalently closed circular DNA involved in viral production of the virus is not yet identified. The virological and immunological mechanisms that prevent virus eradication and lead to the development of chronic infection are still poorly understood. A new strategy that scientists are trying is to predict the chances of achieving an off-treatment sustained viral response (SVR) after treatment with PEG-IFN. By successfully completing this and combining sustained off-treatment suppression of HBV DNA with reduced levels of HBsAG, which are measured quantitatively during treatment. The chimpanzee is the only host fully susceptible to HBV infection due to the similarities of its immune system to that of humans. This is demonstrated by the induction of acute infection and hepatitis after injection of serum from human carriers of the hepatitis B virus. Although chimpanzees do not usually suffer from chronic liver disease, they are the only primates known to develop a cellular response and a multitude of symptoms when infected with HBV, similar to those observed in humans. For this reason, researchers have relied extensively on chimpanzees to study the pathogenesis of acute HBV infection. These primates have played a critical role in the development of a safe and effective vaccine that will neutralize HBV-specific antibodies and also determine the half-life of circulating HBV virions in order to predict the degradation of these molecules and assess the patients over time. The vaccine was also tested against various mutations of the hepatitis B virus, including drug-resistant pathogens, by re-challenging chimpanzees with homologous or heterologous viruses. Because sequential liver biopsies can be obtained throughout the course of infection, chimpanzees represent an extremely valuable infection system for the prospective analysis of intrahepatic virologic changes and immune responses. These studies are primarily used to investigate the relationship between host and virus, demonstrating that hepatocellular damage caused by HBV is primarily affected by the host immune system and that in acute, self-limiting infection, CD8 T cell responses to HBV proteins are stronger. than expected. While the HBV-specific CD8 T cell response plays a fundamental role in killing the invading virus, CD4 T cell depletion experiments have shown that these cells do not directly participate in viral clearance, although they can contribute to induce and maintain CD8 B and T cell responses. in chimpanzeesKeep in mind: this is just a sample.Get a personalized article from our expert writers now.Get a Trial..