GSM is a digital mobile telephone system widely used in Europe and other parts of the world. GSM uses a variation of time division multiple access (TDMA) and is the most widely used of the three digital wireless telephony technologies (TDMA, GSM and CDMA). GSM scans and compresses the data, then sends it over a channel with two other user data streams, each in its own time slot. It operates on the 900 MHz or 1800 MHz frequency band. A GSM network consists of the following elements: Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on “Why violent video games should not be banned”?Get the original essayA mobile station: This is the mobile phone that includes the transceiver, screen and processor and is controlled by a SIM card operating on the network.Base station subsystem: It acts as an interface between the mobile station and the network subsystem. It consists of the Base Transceiver Station which contains the radio transceivers and manages the communication protocols with mobiles. It also includes the base station controller which controls the base transceiver station and acts as an interface between the mobile station and the mobile switching center. Network subsystem: It provides the basic network connection to mobile stations. The basic part of the network subsystem is the mobile services switching center which provides access to different networks like ISDN, PSTN, etc. It also includes the Home Location Register and Visitor Location Register which provide the call routing and roaming capabilities of GSM. It also contains the equipment identity register which keeps an account of all mobile equipment in which each mobile is identified by its own IMEI number. IMEI stands for International Mobile Equipment Identity. GSM module features: Improved spectrum efficiency International roaming Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) compatibility Support for new services. SIM directory management Fixed dial number (FDN) Real-time clock with alarm management High-quality speech Uses encryption to make phone calls more secure Short message service (SMS) Base station subsystem (BSS) section of the Base Station Subsystem (BSS) of the GSM network architecture which is fundamentally associated with communication with mobiles on the network. It consists of two elements: Base Transceiver Station (BTS): The BTS used in a GSM network includes the radio transceivers and their associated antennas that transmit and receive to communicate directly with mobiles. The BTS is the defining element of each cell. The BTS communicates with mobiles and the interface between the two is known as the Um interface with its associated protocols. Base Station Controller (BSC): The BSC is the next step in the GSM network. He controls a group of BTS and is often collocated with one of the BTS in his group. It manages radio resources and controls things like handover within the BTS group, channel assignment, etc. It communicates with the BTS via what is called the Abis interface. Network Switching Subsystem (NSS) The GSM system architecture contains a variety of different elements and is often referred to as a core network. It provides the primary control and interface for the entire mobile network. The main elements of the core network include: Mobile Services Switching Center (MSC): The main element of the core network area of ​​the overall GSM network architecture is the Mobile Switching Services Center (MSC). The MSC acts..