The various precursors of Narcissistic Personality Disorder and the image that society perceives. In light of this abstraction, narcissistic tendencies such as self-centeredness and vulnerability to the perceptions of others might be just one element of classical developmental procedures; nevertheless, for some minors, these qualities could be less normative than rather pathological (Bleiberg, 1994). Environmental factors conducive to the development of narcissism have long been theorized by psychologists, including the role of parents and the parenting techniques they use. There are no explicit causes of narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) yet; There have been several studies on this problem, some argue that it is mainly developed by social and environmental factors, and others argue that it is genetic. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on “Why Violent Video Games Should Not Be Banned”? Get an original essay Many studies have been conducted to investigate narcissistic personality disorder. Many of these studies may be slightly unreliable because they all lack certain fundamental aspects such as definitions and descriptions of the disorder that make the study more reliable and descriptive, therefore easier to follow and understand. Errors such as inaccurate measurements relating to the data collected to analyze the results have also been found in some studies, which will therefore change the results, which will be discussed later in this essay. Capron (2004) is one of the most famous studies that has been done to support the role of environmental and social factors in the acquisition of narcissistic personality disorder. The aim of this study was to specifically investigate whether there was a correlation between the development of NPD and parenting techniques, namely over-indulgent, over-permissive, over-protective and over-protective. domination. The procedure followed was as follows: first, there was a group of participants consisting of 100 undergraduates and 100 females. The researchers asked participants to complete two surveys, the first determining whether the participant suffers from NPD to some extent and is called the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI) which was developed by Raskin and Terry (1988) . Capron (2004) did a study in which an adult has to pamper a child, but who is most likely their own child, this is permissive parenting. Permissive parenting, as previously stated, usually leads to NPD. The results of this study confirm this since it was found that when children are constantly pampered, they constantly expect this attitude from many people around them, not just their parents. This causes pampered children to develop narcissistic characteristics as they grow up. There appears to be a direct relationship between parenting techniques and narcissistic character traits. The researchers found that, according to the data presented in the surveys, the strongest correlation with the NPI test was that of overindulgence and excessive permissiveness. Since the participants were of both sexes, an inconsistency was noted between their results. In the case of men, overindulgence correlated with the undesirable traits of entitlement and exhibitionism, and did not correlate with the positive trait of self-sufficiency.While in the case of women, it correlated with the undesirable traits of exhibitionism, deception and entitlement, and it also correlated with the positive trait of authority. A study by Horton, Bleau, and Drwecki (2006) examined whether there was a relationship between healthy narcissism, which is classified as the characteristic of possessing realistic self-esteem without being cut off from a shared emotional life, narcissism unhealthy and parental dimensions of warmth, monitoring and psychological control. The participants in this study were 212 high school students living with their parents. Participants were asked to complete the Narcissistic Personality Inventory survey and a standard measure of parenting dimensions. Results showed that monitoring had a negative effect on both types of narcissism, while parental warmth was correlated with healthy narcissism. Horton (2006) found a link between parental warmth and two forms of narcissism measured by the NPI, one normal (healthy) and the other controlling self-esteem (unhealthy). Additionally, they found a positive correlation between parental control and unhealthy narcissism among both adult and adolescent informants. This study established that parenting styles have some effect on the narcissistic characteristics developed by adolescents, showing how social factors can lead to the development of narcissistic personality disorder. A study by Johnson et al. (1999) studies how childhood neglect and abuse affects the risk of developing a personality disorder such as NPD later in life. The experimental procedure carried out involved 639 New York mothers and their children. The data collected for this study was collected through interviews over a period of eighteen years. The correlation between childhood physical abuse and neglect and narcissistic characteristics was found by asking these women's children to self-report when they were young adults. It was found that people who reported experiencing physical abuse during childhood were four times more likely to develop narcissistic personality disorder in early adulthood. Researchers found that neglect was specifically correlated with narcissistic, antisocial, and passive-aggressive personality characteristics. Therefore, it was concluded that individuals who experienced childhood neglect are more likely to develop NPD and similar disorders, supporting the idea that NPD may arise or develop based solely on factors environmental and social. Biological factors were completely ignored because researchers wanted to study the role of parenting techniques, which relate to social factors, on the risk of developing NPD. Johnson et al. (2001) is another longitudinal study that investigated whether or not mothers used foul language (verbal abuse) during pregnancy, which would affect the likelihood of their offspring developing a personality disorder later in life. their life. Just like the previous study, 793 New York mothers and their offspring were studied. The data necessary for this experiment was collected over a very long period, i.e. 2 decades. This data consisted of interviews and official New York State records, and it was confirmed that these data regarding verbal abuse are independent of physical and sexual abuse and other similar factors. The results showed that babies who experienced maternal verbal abuse were 3 times more likely to develop a speech disorder.narcissistic, selfish, self-centered and self-centered personality during their adolescence. One of the conclusions of this experiment was also that children were at higher risk of developing NPD when exposed to verbal abuse from their mother in particular rather than any other specific form. According to this research, verbal abuse during pregnancy, that is, the use of inappropriate language, has been added to the list of social factors, especially with regard to parenting techniques that increase the possibility of develop an NPD. There are several limitations found in some studies. used in this trial may possibly call into question their reliability to some extent, but they would not be considered completely invalid. Capron (2004) has a limitation of having the Narcissistic Personality Inventory as the primary aspect that determines the degree to which participants qualify for NPD. Despite this, this limitation does not make this study unreliable because, as noted previously, the Narcissistic Personality Inventory is a commonly used measure that assesses this form of narcissism through scales that include adaptive and maladaptive narcissistic traits such as self-sufficiency, exploitation, and superiority. This demonstrates that the study simply lacks research methods, but the existing research method it uses is a reliable source. Horton (2006) has strengths as well as limitations. One of the strengths found here can be identified as that this study allows the researcher to find certain connections and relationships between variables that help improve the overall results of the experiment. Although it can show the specific relationship between variables, it cannot show or identify why that relationship formed or even why it exists. Horton (2006) and Capron (2004) share the same minor limitation of using the Narcissistic Personality Inventory, but this does not affect the credibility of the studies. Johnson et al. (1999) is considered a very reliable study because it is longitudinal. This means that the data used to draw the conclusions of this study was collected over a very long period of time, in this case eighteen years. Certain weaknesses of this study also limit its strengths. A notable limitation in this research is that the researcher partially based his investigation on qualitative data such as collected self-assessments, instead of quantitative data. The results could therefore have been slightly biased, but this is not extreme compared to the situation. point that this significantly modifies the results of the study. The results of the study are still quite reliable. As stated earlier in this essay, there is constant debate among researchers as some believe that NPD develops through social and environmental factors, and others believe that it develops through social and environmental factors. genetic factors, as opposed to social factors. A study by Livesley et al (1993) observed the relationship between specific personality disorders and inherited traits using a standardized test. A self-selective sample of participants consisted of 175 pairs of twins, 90 of the twins were identical and the remaining 85 were fraternal twins. The procedure followed was that each participant was asked to complete a survey called the Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology. This test essentially assesses the eighteen dimensions of personality disorders. The findings of this study are that narcissism, one of the eighteen personality dimensions, presented,.

Essay / The various precursors of Narcissistic Personality Disorder and the image that society perceives. In light of this abstraction, narcissistic tendencies such as self-centeredness and vulnerability to the perceptions of others might be just one element of classical developmental procedures; nevertheless, for some minors, these qualities could be less normative than rather pathological (Bleiberg, 1994). Environmental factors conducive to the development of narcissism have long been theorized by psychologists, including the role of parents and the parenting techniques they use. There are no explicit causes of narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) yet; There have been several studies on this problem, some argue that it is mainly developed by social and environmental factors, and others argue that it is genetic. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on “Why Violent Video Games Should Not Be Banned”? Get an original essay Many studies have been conducted to investigate narcissistic personality disorder. Many of these studies may be slightly unreliable because they all lack certain fundamental aspects such as definitions and descriptions of the disorder that make the study more reliable and descriptive, therefore easier to follow and understand. Errors such as inaccurate measurements relating to the data collected to analyze the results have also been found in some studies, which will therefore change the results, which will be discussed later in this essay. Capron (2004) is one of the most famous studies that has been done to support the role of environmental and social factors in the acquisition of narcissistic personality disorder. The aim of this study was to specifically investigate whether there was a correlation between the development of NPD and parenting techniques, namely over-indulgent, over-permissive, over-protective and over-protective. domination. The procedure followed was as follows: first, there was a group of participants consisting of 100 undergraduates and 100 females. The researchers asked participants to complete two surveys, the first determining whether the participant suffers from NPD to some extent and is called the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI) which was developed by Raskin and Terry (1988) . Capron (2004) did a study in which an adult has to pamper a child, but who is most likely their own child, this is permissive parenting. Permissive parenting, as previously stated, usually leads to NPD. The results of this study confirm this since it was found that when children are constantly pampered, they constantly expect this attitude from many people around them, not just their parents. This causes pampered children to develop narcissistic characteristics as they grow up. There appears to be a direct relationship between parenting techniques and narcissistic character traits. The researchers found that, according to the data presented in the surveys, the strongest correlation with the NPI test was that of overindulgence and excessive permissiveness. Since the participants were of both sexes, an inconsistency was noted between their results. In the case of men, overindulgence correlated with the undesirable traits of entitlement and exhibitionism, and did not correlate with the positive trait of self-sufficiency.While in the case of women, it correlated with the undesirable traits of exhibitionism, deception and entitlement, and it also correlated with the positive trait of authority. A study by Horton, Bleau, and Drwecki (2006) examined whether there was a relationship between healthy narcissism, which is classified as the characteristic of possessing realistic self-esteem without being cut off from a shared emotional life, narcissism unhealthy and parental dimensions of warmth, monitoring and psychological control. The participants in this study were 212 high school students living with their parents. Participants were asked to complete the Narcissistic Personality Inventory survey and a standard measure of parenting dimensions. Results showed that monitoring had a negative effect on both types of narcissism, while parental warmth was correlated with healthy narcissism. Horton (2006) found a link between parental warmth and two forms of narcissism measured by the NPI, one normal (healthy) and the other controlling self-esteem (unhealthy). Additionally, they found a positive correlation between parental control and unhealthy narcissism among both adult and adolescent informants. This study established that parenting styles have some effect on the narcissistic characteristics developed by adolescents, showing how social factors can lead to the development of narcissistic personality disorder. A study by Johnson et al. (1999) studies how childhood neglect and abuse affects the risk of developing a personality disorder such as NPD later in life. The experimental procedure carried out involved 639 New York mothers and their children. The data collected for this study was collected through interviews over a period of eighteen years. The correlation between childhood physical abuse and neglect and narcissistic characteristics was found by asking these women's children to self-report when they were young adults. It was found that people who reported experiencing physical abuse during childhood were four times more likely to develop narcissistic personality disorder in early adulthood. Researchers found that neglect was specifically correlated with narcissistic, antisocial, and passive-aggressive personality characteristics. Therefore, it was concluded that individuals who experienced childhood neglect are more likely to develop NPD and similar disorders, supporting the idea that NPD may arise or develop based solely on factors environmental and social. Biological factors were completely ignored because researchers wanted to study the role of parenting techniques, which relate to social factors, on the risk of developing NPD. Johnson et al. (2001) is another longitudinal study that investigated whether or not mothers used foul language (verbal abuse) during pregnancy, which would affect the likelihood of their offspring developing a personality disorder later in life. their life. Just like the previous study, 793 New York mothers and their offspring were studied. The data necessary for this experiment was collected over a very long period, i.e. 2 decades. This data consisted of interviews and official New York State records, and it was confirmed that these data regarding verbal abuse are independent of physical and sexual abuse and other similar factors. The results showed that babies who experienced maternal verbal abuse were 3 times more likely to develop a speech disorder.narcissistic, selfish, self-centered and self-centered personality during their adolescence. One of the conclusions of this experiment was also that children were at higher risk of developing NPD when exposed to verbal abuse from their mother in particular rather than any other specific form. According to this research, verbal abuse during pregnancy, that is, the use of inappropriate language, has been added to the list of social factors, especially with regard to parenting techniques that increase the possibility of develop an NPD. There are several limitations found in some studies. used in this trial may possibly call into question their reliability to some extent, but they would not be considered completely invalid. Capron (2004) has a limitation of having the Narcissistic Personality Inventory as the primary aspect that determines the degree to which participants qualify for NPD. Despite this, this limitation does not make this study unreliable because, as noted previously, the Narcissistic Personality Inventory is a commonly used measure that assesses this form of narcissism through scales that include adaptive and maladaptive narcissistic traits such as self-sufficiency, exploitation, and superiority. This demonstrates that the study simply lacks research methods, but the existing research method it uses is a reliable source. Horton (2006) has strengths as well as limitations. One of the strengths found here can be identified as that this study allows the researcher to find certain connections and relationships between variables that help improve the overall results of the experiment. Although it can show the specific relationship between variables, it cannot show or identify why that relationship formed or even why it exists. Horton (2006) and Capron (2004) share the same minor limitation of using the Narcissistic Personality Inventory, but this does not affect the credibility of the studies. Johnson et al. (1999) is considered a very reliable study because it is longitudinal. This means that the data used to draw the conclusions of this study was collected over a very long period of time, in this case eighteen years. Certain weaknesses of this study also limit its strengths. A notable limitation in this research is that the researcher partially based his investigation on qualitative data such as collected self-assessments, instead of quantitative data. The results could therefore have been slightly biased, but this is not extreme compared to the situation. point that this significantly modifies the results of the study. The results of the study are still quite reliable. As stated earlier in this essay, there is constant debate among researchers as some believe that NPD develops through social and environmental factors, and others believe that it develops through social and environmental factors. genetic factors, as opposed to social factors. A study by Livesley et al (1993) observed the relationship between specific personality disorders and inherited traits using a standardized test. A self-selective sample of participants consisted of 175 pairs of twins, 90 of the twins were identical and the remaining 85 were fraternal twins. The procedure followed was that each participant was asked to complete a survey called the Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology. This test essentially assesses the eighteen dimensions of personality disorders. The findings of this study are that narcissism, one of the eighteen personality dimensions, presented,.

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