There were also many changes of manor. Labor services were replaced by monetary rent, land was not held by service mandate but rather by rent/title, and lords rented their land instead of cultivating it directly. A class of wealthy peasants, known as the Franklin class, also emerged. Feudal society had transformed into a society based on money. The Black Death also affected English society. A third of the population died, leading to rising wages, falling agricultural prices, and labor shortages. All of these factors influenced the shift from direct farming to rental. Servile obligations were slowly abandoned as the peasantry sought freedom. The Peasants' Revolt of 1381 also marked a radical change in thinking. The peasants sought freedom and equality, but their revolt gained nothing other than creating fear. However, it still affected the thought process of the peasants of that era. English nationality also emerged at this time, as the culture and art of England was promoted rather than that of the French. This created strong patriotism for