In 1963, Stanley Milgram conducted one of the most influential and famous studies in social psychology which, over the following decades, would affect a huge amount of political, sociological studies and philosophical. In this essay, I will analyze the rationale for this study, its interpretation, and how other authors refute and offer alternative explanations. In 1945, a few months after the end of World War II, the Allied tribunal began the first legal proceedings against the main Nazi criminals in Nuremberg, but later one of the most famous trials in history took place in Jerusalem , in 1962: the Eichmann process. Adolf Eichmann was the Nazi officer most directly responsible for the logistics and planning of Hitler's "Final Solution", coordinating the exile of Jews before leaving Austria and then their transfer to a concentration camp. Hannah Arendt followed the process as a correspondent for The New Yorker and later published her report and impressions in the book “Eichmann in Jerusalem: A Report on the Banality of Evil.” Arendt was immediately struck by Eichmann's way of communicating: he expressed himself with a structured speech full of clichés, taken from a bureaucratic lexicon, describing himself as an ordinary citizen, respectful, faithful and obedient to the law and to orders from his superior. ...... middle of paper ...... victim oximity: When the learner could neither be seen nor heard, all participants reached the end of the experiment, while when the teacher had to lower the level of the victim's hand on the electrode to administer the shock, obedience reached 30%. Ultimately, even the process of social influence plays a key role: the presence of two dissenting participants reduces compliance, but when they obey, total obedience rises to 92.5%. Milgram reproduced the experimental paradigm in individuals of different ages, gender, social and economic conditions and origins from different countries: the degree of obedience varied from more than 90% between Spain and the Netherlands, to more than 80% for Italians, Germans and Austrians, demonstrating a high level of external validity.