In addition, the rate of self-confidence in young adults decreases and reaches its lowest point in older people, but in adulthood , the level of self-esteem increases. Additionally, researchers have conducted numerous surveys asking people about their self-esteem. The result showed that self-confidence varies between whites and blacks, as it does among blacks which changes during childhood to adulthood. Therefore, self-esteem at any age depends on people's life state, whether they live happy or sad, and it becomes high in middle age and declines after retirement. The author also stated that there are other factors that impact self-confidence, such as education and employment status.