Deep cryogenic treatment has had a dramatic effect on developing the wear resistance of steel components. This is a complementary process to the conventional steel heat treatment process. The objective of the present research work is to optimize the parameters affecting the deep cryogenic treatment process to achieve the minimum wear loss of 4140 steel. The process parameters selected for this optimization study are the temperature of curing (A), soaking period (B), tempering temperature (C) and tempering period (D). The optimal levels and interaction of deep cryogenic processing parameters for 4140 steel are achieved using the L27 Taguchi orthogonal design. The experimental result shows that the curing temperature is the most important factor in the deep cryogenic treatment process. Furthermore, the ANOVA analysis shows that the percentage contribution of curing temperature is 17.34% compared to other factors. Key words: (A) ferrous metals and alloys, (E) wear; (C) heat treatments1.0 IntroductionIt is essential to find the deep cryogenic treatment conditions to minimize the wear of steels in the heat treatment industry. Complementing deep cryogenic treatment to the conventional heat treatment process will help manufacturers achieve better wear resistance in steel components. Deep cryogenic treatment is an affordable permanent treatment that influences the mechanical properties of steel components. It reduces the amount of retained austenite present in conventionally processed steel [1]. Removal of the retained austenite results in an increase in hardness [2-3] and the process of "low temperature conditioning" of the martensite, normally at the temperature of liquid nitrogen (-196°C), initiates the core...... middle of paper ......: Optimization of austenite content and hardness of 51200 steel, J Mater Eng and Perform 2001; 10(1): 14-21.[11] Alok Nayar. The Steel Handbook, Tata McGraw Hill Pvt. Ltd NewDelhi; 2003[12]Tsao C, Taguchi analysis of drilling quality associated with core drilling when drilling composite materials. Int J Adv Manu Tech 2007; 32: 877-84.[13] Phillip J Ross. Taguchi Techniques for Quality Engineering, NewDelhi: Tata Mcgraw Hill Publishing Company Pvt Limited; 1998.[14] Genich Taguchi, Subir Chowdhury, Yuin Wu. Taguchi Quality Engineering Handbook, John Wiley & Sons Inc; 2004.[15] Park Sung H. Robust Design and Analysis for Quality Engineering, Madras:Chapman and Hall Publications; 1996.[16] G99-05.ASTM Standard for wear testing. Standard Test Methods for Wear Testing with Pin-on-Disc Device Designation, ASM International, New York, 2005.