However, he believes that the old idea that Australia was just an "ugly", "clumsy" or "second-hand" version of Europe is fake. For him, it is not simply a question of a “transported” Europe, but of a “translated” Europe. Malouf is therefore not a strong believer in the so-called “germ theory” of the development of New World culture – according to which Europeans brought with them their minds and habits and these became the matrix of the new company and remained unchanged. by the new environment. The word “translated” suggests that these habits of thought and culture must be transposed to another environment.