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  • Essay / Essay on Background of Poverty - 1936

    Background of the StudyThe existence of poverty is openly exposed to every human eye. Many studies are carried out to measure the different dimensions of poverty (Herrera et al., 2006), such as the effects of using objective (indirect) and subjective (direct) methods of measuring poverty (Kangas and Ritakallio , 2004). So, what is poverty? Poverty is not only an objective status that can be described by the possession of goods, but it is also a personal judgment of each individual, whether poor or not (Van Praag & Ferrer-i-Carbonell, 2008 ). Frey and Stutzer (2002). ) postulated that studies on poverty should not only examine poverty but also aim to reduce its rate, this and that poverty, although generally, is studied in financial terms by equating the level of their income or consumption to a given advantage. In the study of poverty, income is the most common factor used to determine how poor a person is. This type of approach is also one of the pillars of the first research on poverty (Rowntree, 1971) but Sen (1985) mentioned that the income or the level of material consumption of a household is only part of his voluntary decision. objectively focuses on the financial aspects whereby households are considered poor if they do not have enough income to support themselves (Townsend, 1979). On the other hand, poverty can be viewed subjectively, in which subjective poverty is defined by Marks (2007) as a method of self-assessment of how respondents perceive themselves as poor or very poor. Subjective poverty is based on people's personal perception of their own well-being (Crettaz & Suter, 2013). Thus, according to Frey and Stutzer (2002), there are few studies that focus on...... middle of article... ...members affect the poverty line (Blank, 2008); Monthly income means that the overall income must be normalized according to differences in the cost of living, which can be considered a sufficient statistic for well-being (Ravallion, 2008); With many family members working, Marks (2007) explains in his research that poverty is closely associated with the working population, in which it has something to do with the increasing number of poor households; Number of dependent family members ages [0-14] and [65+] Self, Randall, and Thomas (2012) state that household information can be based on household or family composition ; and household head [male or female] Rynell (2008) stated in his study that men earn more than women, 29.4 percent of women in 2005 earned poverty wages or less, which is significantly more higher than the share of men. (19.9%).