Dorthea Elizabeth Orem's Nursing Theory as it applies to patients with end-stage renal disease and hemodialysis treatmentAccording to People Database in good health, in 2010, the aging population was estimated at 40 million, this number is expected their number could reach almost 70 million by 2030 (National Center for Health Statistics, 2000). Intervention, management and treatment of chronic diseases will be at the forefront of health concerns for this aging population. This increase in this specific population as well as required medical care will place significant pressure on an already struggling health care system, which in turn will affect the availability of remedies and costs. Including patients in their self-care through strategic health promotion, such as encouragement and education aimed at specific socioeconomic groups, will be more cost-effective and beneficial in chronic disease management. Studies indicate that patients involved in self-management of disease processes often achieve better outcomes. Obesity has become a very critical problem in the United States. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, 2011), over the past two decades there has been an increasingly dramatic increase in obesity in the United States. Research evidence indicates a strong correlation between being overweight or obese and the incidence of coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and increased cancers (CDC, 2011). A major complication associated with diabetes is the occurrence of nephropathy which can lead to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Complications related to diabetes and kidney disease are estimated to account for 50% of new cases of end-stage renal disease (..... middle of article...... MA (2006). Applications of nursing theory on Dorthea Orem's Self-Care Deficit. In ME Parker (Ed.) (2006). Philadelphia: EA. Davis Company. Kuther, N. (2001). Improving Compliance in Dialysis Patients: Is Anything Working. . Healthy People Data 2010. Retrieved July 1, 2009, from http://www.healthypeople.gov/data/data2010.htmOrem, DE (1995). Nursing: Concepts of Practice (5th ed.). .Quinan, P. (2007). Control and adaptation for people with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis: a position paper CANNT Journal, 17(3), 77-84. United States Renal Data System (USRDS). (2008). Annual data report: Incidence and prevalence. Retrieved July 8, 2009 from http://www.usrds.org/2008/pdf/V2-02-2008.pdf