Singapore's Hot and Humid Climate . With considerable cultural and literary heritage, it provides reliable references to customers. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on “Why Violent Video Games Should Not Be Banned”? Get the original essay The National Library of Singapore (NLS), located in the National Library Building at 100 Victoria Street, provides individuals and businesses with knowledge and information such that it continues to expand its vast range of collections and reference services. The NLS is responsible for preserving the literary, heritage and intellectual memory of the nation and also making it easily accessible. The beginnings of the National LibraryThe National Library began in 1823 and was inevitably linked to the establishment of Singapore's first major educational institution, the Singapore Institution, now renamed Raffles Institution in honor of the founder of modern Singapore, Sir Stamford Raffles. Stamford Raffles worked for the British East India Company, a purely commercial enterprise, but he was an autodidact who fervently believed in the opportunities afforded by education and its ability to benefit the poor. Shortly after the founding of Singapore, Raffles proposed establishing an educational institution and believed that a library was necessary to support the educational objectives of the college. Thus, the seeds of the National Library were sown. Early 1823-1845 The Singapore Library was part of the Singapore Institution and the building was completed in 1837. It was only open to students and staff, however, the public could use it at a cost of 25 cents per month. Due to increasing public demands for it to be open outside of school hours, the Singapore Library was established and opened on 22 January 1845. The Singapore Library thus became Singapore's first subscription library. The new building On 12 October 1887, the Governor of Singapore, Sir Frederick Weld, officially opened the new Raffles Library and Museum building. Japanese OccupationFor two weeks before Singapore fell to the Japanese on 15 February 1942, British and Australian forces occupied the library as a regimental dressing station. Subsequently, it was closed and officially reopened on April 29, 1942, on the occasion of the birthday of the Japanese emperor. The Raffles Library and Museum was renamed Syonan Hakubutsu Kan, because the museum, compared to the library, was larger. prominent during the pre-war period. The library section was known as Syonan Tosyokan and was headed by Marquis Yoshichika Tokugawa, related to the Emperor of Japan, a situation conducive to safeguarding the library and its collections. Postwar years The library was reopened to the public under British administration on December 1, 1945. The library's perseverance, steadfastness, and relative security during the Japanese occupation cemented the library's role and importance , as an emblem of Singapore's cultural heritage and "an example of everyone's commitment to strengthening society through the sharing of knowledge and experiences." The National Library at Stamford RoadLee Kong Chian laid the foundation stone of the National Library at Stamford Road on August 15, 1957. The National Library building, which was meant to reflect the era ofred bricks of British architecture in the 1950s, received mixed reviews. Most criticized the aesthetics of the building which contrasted with the dignified, Victorian-style architecture of the National Museum. The library building, however, was four times its former size and provided much-needed space. End of a chapter The iconic red-brick National Library on Stamford Road closed its doors for the final time on March 31, 2004, six years after the government announced that the building would be demolished for urban redevelopment. Given the special place that the National Library holds in the hearts and minds of many Singaporeans, a year-long series of events have been planned to commemorate the closing of one chapter and the beginning of a new one Half a century later, Lee Kong Chian's legacy and support continued with a $60 million donation from the Lee Foundation for the development of the new National Library on Victoria Street. The reference library is named after Lee Kong Chian. Site plan and orientation of the National Library Figure 1: Satellite image of the site plan of the National Library As you can see from the satellite view of the site above, the entrance to the building faces northeast. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west, so the entrance to the building will not be exposed to full sunlight throughout the day. Floor plan of the National Library Figure 2: Floor plan of the National Library (B3-L9) Figure 3: Floor plan of the National Library (L10-Roof) The 2 photos above show the floor plans of the National Library 'floor of the National Library from basement 3 to the roof. As you can As seen in the photos above, the building looks like a modified square-shaped building when viewed from above and almost all of the exterior facades are made of glass. This allows for maximum natural lighting during the day and night, helping to reduce artificial lighting costs. This is considered a passive design which will be discussed further in the passive design section below. Characteristics of hot and humid climates Climates around the world are classified according to the Köppen climate classification system. This system's classifications are based on averages of temperature and precipitation on a monthly and annual basis. Humid tropical climates have distinctive characteristics other than temperature and precipitation. Humid tropical climates have distinct locations and abundant animal and plant life. Temperature Rainforests are warm with temperatures remaining around 80 degrees Fahrenheit year-round and fluctuating little during any given month or year. Daily temperature fluctuates more than monthly or annual temperature. Humid tropical areas never experience frost. LocationLatitude is a determining factor in the existence of tropical climates. All humid tropical climates are located near the equator between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn or at latitudes between 10 degrees south and 25 degrees north. Climate Conditions of the National LibraryThe National Library is located in Singapore and the building experiences a hot and humid climate. The characteristics of a hot and humid climate are as follows: General climatic conditions Singapore is located near the equator and experiences a typically tropical climate with abundant rainfall, high and uniform temperatures, high humidity all year round and good many of its climatic variables, such as temperature and relative humidity, do not show large variations from month to month. In addition, many other variablesexhibit significant diurnal or daily variations from hour to hour, indicating the strong influence of solar heating on the local climate.Seasons in SGIn Singapore, there are two monsoon seasons separated by inter-monsoon periods. The northeast monsoon occurs from December to early March and the southwest monsoon from June to September. The main weather systems affecting Singapore that can cause heavy rainfall are: monsoon surges or episodes of strong winds in the northeast monsoon flow causing major rainfall; the Sumatran Squalls, an organized line of thunderstorms moving eastward across Singapore, having developed over the island. from Sumatra or the Strait of Malacca to the west of us; Afternoon and evening thunderstorms caused by strong surface heating and the circulation of the sea breeze which develops in the afternoon. The occurrence of these events at different times of the year is presented in the following table. Figure 4: Table showing different weather systems throughout the year and weather characteristics PrecipitationPrecipitation is abundant in Singapore and it rains on average 167 days* per year. Much of the rain is heavy and accompanied by thunder. [*A day is considered to have “rained” if the total rainfall for that day is 0.2 mm or more.] Figure 5: Number of rainy days throughout the year Figure 6: Amount of rain all year round throughout the year Figure 7: Amount of rainfall in a day and its trend throughout the year Although there is no distinct wet or dry season in Singapore, monthly variations in rainfall exist. Higher precipitation occurs from November to January during the wet phase of the northeast monsoon season (Figures 5 to 7), when the main tropical rain belt (the Intertropical Convergence Zone, ITCZ) is located at proximity to us. The driest month is February, which corresponds to the dry phase of the northeast monsoon, when the rain belt has moved further south to affect Java. Rainfall in Singapore is more common during the day, especially in the afternoon when solar heating is strongest. In terms of precipitation distribution in Singapore, precipitation is highest in the northern and western parts of the island and decreases towards the east of the island. TemperatureFigure 8: Categorization of maximum and minimum temperatures in SG throughout the year. Figure 9: Temperature ranges throughout the day. year-round Compared to countries in temperate regions, temperatures in Singapore are very low from month to month and also from day to day. The daily temperature range has a minimum of around 23-25ºC during the night and a maximum of around 31-33ºC during the day. May and June have the highest average monthly temperature (24-hour average of 27.8ºC) and December and January are the highest monthly temperatures. the coolest (24-hour average of 26.0ºC). Singapore, being an island, also has a coastal climate and the sea has a moderating influence on Singapore's climate. This is because water has a greater heat capacity than the land surface and a greater amount of heat is needed to raise the sea temperature. In the afternoon, conditions on the coast are often improved by breezes marines. The presence of significant wind speeds, precipitation, and cloud cover are the most important natural influences in mitigating tropical heat. Humidity Relative humidity shows a fairly uniform trend throughout the year and does not vary much from month to month (Fig. 10). Its daily variation is slightly more notable, with values.

Essay / Singapore's Hot and Humid Climate . With considerable cultural and literary heritage, it provides reliable references to customers. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on “Why Violent Video Games Should Not Be Banned”? Get the original essay The National Library of Singapore (NLS), located in the National Library Building at 100 Victoria Street, provides individuals and businesses with knowledge and information such that it continues to expand its vast range of collections and reference services. The NLS is responsible for preserving the literary, heritage and intellectual memory of the nation and also making it easily accessible. The beginnings of the National LibraryThe National Library began in 1823 and was inevitably linked to the establishment of Singapore's first major educational institution, the Singapore Institution, now renamed Raffles Institution in honor of the founder of modern Singapore, Sir Stamford Raffles. Stamford Raffles worked for the British East India Company, a purely commercial enterprise, but he was an autodidact who fervently believed in the opportunities afforded by education and its ability to benefit the poor. Shortly after the founding of Singapore, Raffles proposed establishing an educational institution and believed that a library was necessary to support the educational objectives of the college. Thus, the seeds of the National Library were sown. Early 1823-1845 The Singapore Library was part of the Singapore Institution and the building was completed in 1837. It was only open to students and staff, however, the public could use it at a cost of 25 cents per month. Due to increasing public demands for it to be open outside of school hours, the Singapore Library was established and opened on 22 January 1845. The Singapore Library thus became Singapore's first subscription library. The new building On 12 October 1887, the Governor of Singapore, Sir Frederick Weld, officially opened the new Raffles Library and Museum building. Japanese OccupationFor two weeks before Singapore fell to the Japanese on 15 February 1942, British and Australian forces occupied the library as a regimental dressing station. Subsequently, it was closed and officially reopened on April 29, 1942, on the occasion of the birthday of the Japanese emperor. The Raffles Library and Museum was renamed Syonan Hakubutsu Kan, because the museum, compared to the library, was larger. prominent during the pre-war period. The library section was known as Syonan Tosyokan and was headed by Marquis Yoshichika Tokugawa, related to the Emperor of Japan, a situation conducive to safeguarding the library and its collections. Postwar years The library was reopened to the public under British administration on December 1, 1945. The library's perseverance, steadfastness, and relative security during the Japanese occupation cemented the library's role and importance , as an emblem of Singapore's cultural heritage and "an example of everyone's commitment to strengthening society through the sharing of knowledge and experiences." The National Library at Stamford RoadLee Kong Chian laid the foundation stone of the National Library at Stamford Road on August 15, 1957. The National Library building, which was meant to reflect the era ofred bricks of British architecture in the 1950s, received mixed reviews. Most criticized the aesthetics of the building which contrasted with the dignified, Victorian-style architecture of the National Museum. The library building, however, was four times its former size and provided much-needed space. End of a chapter The iconic red-brick National Library on Stamford Road closed its doors for the final time on March 31, 2004, six years after the government announced that the building would be demolished for urban redevelopment. Given the special place that the National Library holds in the hearts and minds of many Singaporeans, a year-long series of events have been planned to commemorate the closing of one chapter and the beginning of a new one Half a century later, Lee Kong Chian's legacy and support continued with a $60 million donation from the Lee Foundation for the development of the new National Library on Victoria Street. The reference library is named after Lee Kong Chian. Site plan and orientation of the National Library Figure 1: Satellite image of the site plan of the National Library As you can see from the satellite view of the site above, the entrance to the building faces northeast. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west, so the entrance to the building will not be exposed to full sunlight throughout the day. Floor plan of the National Library Figure 2: Floor plan of the National Library (B3-L9) Figure 3: Floor plan of the National Library (L10-Roof) The 2 photos above show the floor plans of the National Library 'floor of the National Library from basement 3 to the roof. As you can As seen in the photos above, the building looks like a modified square-shaped building when viewed from above and almost all of the exterior facades are made of glass. This allows for maximum natural lighting during the day and night, helping to reduce artificial lighting costs. This is considered a passive design which will be discussed further in the passive design section below. Characteristics of hot and humid climates Climates around the world are classified according to the Köppen climate classification system. This system's classifications are based on averages of temperature and precipitation on a monthly and annual basis. Humid tropical climates have distinctive characteristics other than temperature and precipitation. Humid tropical climates have distinct locations and abundant animal and plant life. Temperature Rainforests are warm with temperatures remaining around 80 degrees Fahrenheit year-round and fluctuating little during any given month or year. Daily temperature fluctuates more than monthly or annual temperature. Humid tropical areas never experience frost. LocationLatitude is a determining factor in the existence of tropical climates. All humid tropical climates are located near the equator between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn or at latitudes between 10 degrees south and 25 degrees north. Climate Conditions of the National LibraryThe National Library is located in Singapore and the building experiences a hot and humid climate. The characteristics of a hot and humid climate are as follows: General climatic conditions Singapore is located near the equator and experiences a typically tropical climate with abundant rainfall, high and uniform temperatures, high humidity all year round and good many of its climatic variables, such as temperature and relative humidity, do not show large variations from month to month. In addition, many other variablesexhibit significant diurnal or daily variations from hour to hour, indicating the strong influence of solar heating on the local climate.Seasons in SGIn Singapore, there are two monsoon seasons separated by inter-monsoon periods. The northeast monsoon occurs from December to early March and the southwest monsoon from June to September. The main weather systems affecting Singapore that can cause heavy rainfall are: monsoon surges or episodes of strong winds in the northeast monsoon flow causing major rainfall; the Sumatran Squalls, an organized line of thunderstorms moving eastward across Singapore, having developed over the island. from Sumatra or the Strait of Malacca to the west of us; Afternoon and evening thunderstorms caused by strong surface heating and the circulation of the sea breeze which develops in the afternoon. The occurrence of these events at different times of the year is presented in the following table. Figure 4: Table showing different weather systems throughout the year and weather characteristics PrecipitationPrecipitation is abundant in Singapore and it rains on average 167 days* per year. Much of the rain is heavy and accompanied by thunder. [*A day is considered to have “rained” if the total rainfall for that day is 0.2 mm or more.] Figure 5: Number of rainy days throughout the year Figure 6: Amount of rain all year round throughout the year Figure 7: Amount of rainfall in a day and its trend throughout the year Although there is no distinct wet or dry season in Singapore, monthly variations in rainfall exist. Higher precipitation occurs from November to January during the wet phase of the northeast monsoon season (Figures 5 to 7), when the main tropical rain belt (the Intertropical Convergence Zone, ITCZ) is located at proximity to us. The driest month is February, which corresponds to the dry phase of the northeast monsoon, when the rain belt has moved further south to affect Java. Rainfall in Singapore is more common during the day, especially in the afternoon when solar heating is strongest. In terms of precipitation distribution in Singapore, precipitation is highest in the northern and western parts of the island and decreases towards the east of the island. TemperatureFigure 8: Categorization of maximum and minimum temperatures in SG throughout the year. Figure 9: Temperature ranges throughout the day. year-round Compared to countries in temperate regions, temperatures in Singapore are very low from month to month and also from day to day. The daily temperature range has a minimum of around 23-25ºC during the night and a maximum of around 31-33ºC during the day. May and June have the highest average monthly temperature (24-hour average of 27.8ºC) and December and January are the highest monthly temperatures. the coolest (24-hour average of 26.0ºC). Singapore, being an island, also has a coastal climate and the sea has a moderating influence on Singapore's climate. This is because water has a greater heat capacity than the land surface and a greater amount of heat is needed to raise the sea temperature. In the afternoon, conditions on the coast are often improved by breezes marines. The presence of significant wind speeds, precipitation, and cloud cover are the most important natural influences in mitigating tropical heat. Humidity Relative humidity shows a fairly uniform trend throughout the year and does not vary much from month to month (Fig. 10). Its daily variation is slightly more notable, with values.

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