Our lives are greatly affected by our culture, our ecological environment, our political environment and our economic structure. The overall method of organizing a complex modern society relies heavily on the founding economic theories regarding the method of production, the method of organization, and the distribution of wealth among members. This article specifically discusses the views and theoretical contexts of two dominant theories of the last century, Keynesianism and neoliberalism. Our socio-economic order is the product of two theories and has evolved through many stages to get to where it is today. The two ideologies have different foundations for their economic results, but both encourage capitalism and claim it to be the superior form of economic organization. During the last quarter of the 20th century, neoliberalism became the dominant ideology guiding the political and economic decisions of most developed countries. This dominant ideology creates wealth disparities and inequality through the promotion of competitive and regulation-free markets. The neoliberal ability to reduce the size of national government limits the powers and capabilities of elected representatives and allows corporations to become much larger and exert much greater force on national and provincial governments to act their favor. It is therefore extremely important at this time to learn more about the underlying power relations in our economy and how the two ideologies compare on important aspects of political economy. Comparing the two theories with regard to managing the level of unemployment, financing welfare states and pursuing national or international goals, I will argue that Keynesianism offers much greater stability, even in the middle of paper. ... ...the real wage rate has stagnated while productivity has increased. The disparities between the two visions of the economy lead to very different policies that have produced contradictory results. Keynesian theory presents the rationale of structuralism as the basis for economic decisions and supports government involvement in maintaining high employment levels. The argument is that people make decisions based on their environment and when investment declines due to structural change, the economy suffers a recession. The government must act against this movement and increase the level of employment through tax injections and workforce training. In fact, the government itself should increase hiring in state-owned companies. In contrast, neoliberal theory attributes individuals' self-interest as determining employment levels...