This essay addresses one of the crucial challenges facing paleoscientists today, namely the extent to which human or natural forcings have- Did they impact environmental change during the Holocene, and how accurately can they be detected and attributed? According to Oldfield and Dearing (2003), climate change and human-induced change are difficult to separate from each other, and this essay aims to explore why. At this stage, it is important to define and define the parameters of the trial. A Holocene perspective is adopted in this essay, which will include a discussion of the Anthropocene. This essay also aims to explore different aspects of the environment, namely the terrestrial, atmospheric and aquatic domains, although there is a bias in the literature towards the terrestrial domain and the dominant environmental issue is that of climate change. The following points will be covered: recent environmental changes, the difficulty of detection and attribution, examples to illustrate the complex nature between climate, humans and the environment, and the role of research in solving this problem. The product of Holocene environmental changes presents a difficult task. unraveling as it was subject to human influence, natural influence, earth processes and all their complex interactions and relationships (Oldfield and Dearing, 2003). In some cases, climate impacts are clear and distinct from human impacts, and in others, one cannot be assumed to be the sole factor at work. It is worth noting that decoupling human and climate impacts is not only a challenge during the Industrial Revolution and beyond; although from then on it became more and more complex. There is a common consensus among scientists that anthropogenic forcing continues... middle of article...... one hundred and fifty years, these disturbances have not significantly altered ecosystem dynamics, but have also altered rates of change (Anderson et al., 2006). In a study conducted by Jones et al. (2013) for the detection of climate signals in a human-disturbed watershed - the Petit Lac d'Annecy in France, the results of cross-correlations and spectral analyzes indicated that human activities had a dominant influence on the watershed formation at the end of the Holocene. The effect of paleoclimate on the formation and evolution of Petit Lac d'Annecy is, however, less certain. This may be due to the lack of historical records of climate in the catchment ears. Attempts have been made to examine the extent of the influence of paleoclimate, but this action has been limited due to the difficulties encountered in isolating, in proxy records, climate from the human imprint..