IntroductionDiabetes mellitus is a disease of the endocrine system mainly differentiated between type 1 and type 2. Type 1 diabetes occurs when the pancreas is unable to produce insulin and has already been observed in younger people. generation, which is no longer the case.1 Type 2 diabetes is the more common of the two types and involves high blood sugar levels due to insufficient insulin production. Risk factors that increase the risk of type 2 diabetes include age, obesity, family history, and a sedentary lifestyle.1,2 Innovative drug therapies for type 2 diabetes remain important for treatment and reduction of disease. The prevalence of diabetes according to the CDC, 26 million Americans are currently diagnosed with diabetes, 79 million with prediabetes, and 7 million are unaware that they have diabetes.1 Diabetes is currently more prevalent in Western countries due to physical inactivity and obesity, but in most Eastern countries By developing the Western lifestyle, this is becoming a growing global epidemic.1 The risk of developing type 2 diabetes increases with age (especially after age 40), but it increases more rapidly among adolescents and younger generations.1 It is therefore essential that education as drug therapies are implemented to decrease the increasing prevalence of this disease. The pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes is characterized by both insulin resistance and insulin secretion. Peripheral insulin resistance and insufficient insulin secretion from the pancreas are caused by beta cell dysfunction. Resistance leads to an increase in free fatty acids and inflammation, leading to an overall decrease in the amount of glucose taken up by the muscle, an increase in glucose production, and an increase...... middle of paper.. ....6 and sitagliptin at week 52 (p <0.001). Canagliflozin 100 mg and 300 mg reduced body weight compared to placebo (week 26: –3.7%, –4.2%, –1.2%, respectively; p < 0.001) and sitagliptin (week 52 : –3.8%, –4.2%, –1.3%, respectively; Both doses of canagliflozin reduced fasting blood glucose and systolic blood pressure compared to placebo (week 26) and sitagliptin (week 52) (p < 0.001).5 Overall adverse events (AEs) and drug rates Discontinuations related to AEs were generally similar across groups, but higher with canagliflozin 100 mg (5.2%). Rates of genital mycotic infections and osmotic diuresis-related AEs were higher with canagliflozin than with sitagliptin and the sitagliptin/placebo combination. The incidence of hypoglycemia was higher with canagliflozin during the 52-week clinical study (6.8%). Urinary tract infections (UTIs) were similar in all groups over 52 weeks. One death was reported in all treatment groups except canagliflozin 100 mg..5